{"id":130,"date":"2018-12-29T00:10:20","date_gmt":"2018-12-28T23:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=130"},"modified":"2018-12-29T00:19:19","modified_gmt":"2018-12-28T23:19:19","slug":"fenomen-ayahuasca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2018\/12\/29\/fenomen-ayahuasca\/","title":{"rendered":"Fenom\u00e9n Ayahuasca"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsme p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ijeli do Cusca, prvn\u00ed, co si dob\u0159e vybavuji, byla reakce na dotaz jednoho americk\u00e9ho turisty, jestli je mo\u017en\u00e9 v Cuscu podstoupit ritu\u00e1l pit\u00ed ayahuascy. Ano, mo\u017en\u00e9 to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00edstn\u00edch akreditovan\u00fdch pr\u016fvodc\u016f to turist\u016fm nedoporu\u010duje a d\u016frazn\u011b varuje p\u0159ed tzv. \u201esamozvan\u00fdmi pr\u016fvodci Ayahuascou\u201c a podvodn\u00edky. V\u00ed pro\u010d. Bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy je to nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a ob\u010das to kon\u010d\u00ed i smrt\u00ed! Takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady nejsou zrovna v okol\u00ed Cusca vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Vezmu to ale od za\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Od objeven\u00ed Ameriky a pokusu dob\u00fdt m\u00edstn\u00ed n\u00e1rody, za\u010dalo plo\u0161n\u00e9 pop\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed kulturn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, kter\u00e9 by mohlo j\u00edt proti n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a z\u00e1jm\u016fm, na kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159ovaly o\u010di z\u00e1padn\u00edho lidstva. D\u00edky izolaci od modern\u00edho sv\u011bta, a v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech i nez\u00e1jmu vl\u00e1dy, se peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9 Amazonii poda\u0159ilo udr\u017eet tradici spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed vlastn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b by te\u010f m\u011bla n\u00e1sledovat ot\u00e1zka, jak je\u0161t\u011b dlouho to vydr\u017e\u00ed? Ale to je na jin\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek a o tom n\u011bkdy p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b.<\/span>
\n Mus\u00edme si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee budoucnost lidstva je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v na\u0161ich rukou a v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak dlouho zachov\u00e1me Amazonii v p\u016fvodn\u00edm stavu, abychom i nad\u00e1le mohli vyu\u017e\u00edvat jej\u00ed st\u00e1le skryt\u00fd potenci\u00e1l a u\u010dit se z jej\u00edch mouder. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00e1s hled\u00ed na Amazonii s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm porozum\u011bn\u00edm. Najednou m\u00e1me z\u00e1jem v\u011bd\u011bt, pro\u010d po\u017eit\u00edm n\u00e1poje p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho uprost\u0159ed d\u017eungle dok\u00e1\u017eeme vyl\u00e9\u010dit n\u011bjakou chorobu nebo prost\u011b zlep\u0161it kvalitu na\u0161eho \u017eivota? Je to v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9? Domorodci jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee ano. Ostatn\u011b podle antropolog\u016f maj\u00ed s ayahuascou zku\u0161enosti ji\u017e p\u0159es 4 tis\u00edce let.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada cestovatel\u016f s touhou po experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed natref\u00ed p\u0159i pobytu v Peru na podvodn\u00edky. A nen\u00ed se \u010demu divit. Mentalita Peru\u00e1nc\u016f je takov\u00e1, \u017ee jsou pro dolary ochotni ud\u011blat cokoliv. Je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee prav\u00e9ho \u0161amana mo\u017en\u00e1 nikdy nepotk\u00e1te i kdy\u017e se v\u00e1m v\u011bt\u0161ina bude du\u0161ovat, \u017ee oni jsou ti zaru\u010den\u011b osv\u00edcen\u00ed. A ruku na srdce, asi to ani nepozn\u00e1te\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edprava p\u0159ed ritu\u00e1lem je celkem zn\u00e1ma. Pro \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvkem dieta<\/strong>, tzn. 2-3 dny p\u0159ed ritu\u00e1lem konzumuj\u00ed jen vegetari\u00e1nskou stravu. Podm\u00ednkou je \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd alkohol, drogy. V den ritu\u00e1lu je dieta p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. K sn\u00eddani \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu nap\u0159. z pap\u00e1ji max. do 10 hodiny dopoledn\u00ed, potom ji\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 j\u00eddlo po cel\u00fd zbytek dne. Pije se voda, alespo\u0148 2 litry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li\u00e1na Ayahuascy<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Druh\u00e1 strana to m\u00e1 mali\u010dko slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Existuje mnoho variant ob\u0159ad\u016f a ritu\u00e1l\u016f. Av\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro \u0161amany jsou v\u017edy dv\u011b v\u011bci \u2013 ayahuasca<\/strong> a zp\u011bv \u00cdkaros<\/strong>. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a budu o n\u011bm hovo\u0159it d\u00e1le v textu. Jm\u00e9no se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it podle jazyka kmene. Je dobr\u00e9, \u017ee peru\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se k p\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161aman\u016f kone\u010dn\u011b postavila \u010delem a vzala je pod svoji ochranu. T\u00edm je legitimovala sm\u011brem k na\u0161emu sv\u011btu.<\/span><\/p>\n

15. \u010dervna 2016 byla peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdm ministerstvem kultury schv\u00e1lena rezoluce, ohledn\u011b domorod\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda Shipibo-Konibo-Xetebo, kter\u00fd je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch domorod\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9 Amazonii. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze zhruba 32.000 lid\u00ed, seskupen\u00fdch do asi 150 organizovan\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00edch v regionech Loreto, Madre de Dios, Huanuco a hlavn\u011b Ucayali. Tato rezoluce za\u0159adila tento kmen na seznam kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed n\u00e1roda Peru. [1] Co to znamen\u00e1? Jedn\u00e1 se o uchov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u00e9\u010di a ochranu v\u0161ech hmotn\u00fdch a nehmotn\u00fdch statk\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke kultu\u0159e zem\u011b. Uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u00edm kulturn\u00ed projevy tradi\u010dn\u00edch komunit. Tento kmen n\u00e1m poslou\u017e\u00ed jako dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad.<\/span><\/p>\n

V rezoluci je jasn\u011b vyjmenov\u00e1no, co v\u0161echno na tento seznam pat\u0159\u00ed a dot\u00fdk\u00e1 se pr\u00e1v\u011b i ritu\u00e1lu pit\u00ed ayahuascy. Ayahuasca samotn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 na seznamu kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed Peru a je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st identity amazonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee bude dobr\u00e9 si uv\u00e9st n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti rezoluce pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed problematiky. V kultu\u0159e Shipibo-Konibo-Xetebo se hovo\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi jazyky:<\/span>
\n – jazyk Kene<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je jazykem samotn\u00e9ho \u00cdkaros. Je to jazyk sn\u016f, kter\u00fd je vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a je jazykem \u0161amansk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m z t\u011bchto jazyk\u016f je \u00cdkaro p\u0159\u00edtomen a funguje jako pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00fd prvek pro v\u0161echny z nich, tak\u017ee jeho v\u00fdznam pro \u017eivot a kulturu amazonsk\u00fdch lid\u00ed je t\u00edm jen potvrzen.<\/span><\/p>\n

V knize \u0160amani Shipibo-Conibo<\/em> [2], autor Giusepe Caruso<\/em> nast\u00ednil n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed typologii zp\u011bv\u016f \u00cdkaros:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

– Mash\u00e1<\/strong>. Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se zp\u011bvn\u00fd chor\u00e1l velmi vysok\u00fdch t\u00f3n\u016f. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed pacienta do dobr\u00e9ho rozpolo\u017een\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k rychl\u00e9mu hojen\u00ed ran a rychlej\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.<\/span>
\n – Behu\u00e1<\/strong>. Tento zp\u011bv se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k pochopen\u00ed nemoci a relaxaci pacienta. Je vysoce univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed a nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro terapeutick\u00e9 sezen\u00ed.<\/span>
\n – Shiro behu\u00e1<\/strong>. Zp\u011bv je velmi vesel\u00fd a temperamentn\u00ed, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zlep\u0161it n\u00e1ladu pacienta, co\u017e op\u011bt podporuje \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/span>
\n – Nahuarin<\/strong>. Zp\u011bv je inspirov\u00e1n duchy, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou identifikov\u00e1ni v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zabarven\u00edch ve zp\u011bvu \u0161amana. To umo\u017e\u0148uje o\u010distu a t\u00edm i l\u00e9\u010dbu pacienta.<\/span>
\n – Icara\/\u00cdkaro<\/strong>. \u0160amansk\u00fd zp\u011bv par excellence. \u00cdkaro poch\u00e1z\u00ed z ke\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho slova ikaray, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje fouk\u00e1n\u00ed kou\u0159e na objekt l\u00e9\u010dby. \u00cdkaro m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt houk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u0161epot, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam je ch\u00e1p\u00e1n pouze \u0161amanem, kter\u00fd ho prov\u00e1d\u00ed. \u00cdkaro se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k o\u010dist\u011b t\u011bla \u0161amana, ne\u017e zapo\u010dne ritu\u00e1l uzdraven\u00ed, aby se mohl spojit s duchy ayahuascy.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava lektvaru<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P\u0159i ob\u0159adech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed terapeutick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, se tedy vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148 \u00cdkaros. \u0160aman z\u00edsk\u00e1 mo\u017enost pohledu na onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pacienta za pomoci ayahuascy, lektvaru duchovn\u00ed medic\u00edny, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed stavy jasnoz\u0159ivosti, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z li\u00e1ny ayahuasca a chacruna (halucinogen Psychotria viridis, <\/em>zabra\u0148uje odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed DMT). Ob\u011b rostliny se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Rao<\/strong> a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 dr\u017eitelky pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a moci. Ayahuasca je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za hlavn\u00ed Rao, tak\u017ee je po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na a pova\u017eov\u00e1na za hlavn\u00ed rostlinu.<\/span>
\n Va\u0159en\u00edm se uvoln\u00ed l\u00e1tka – halucinogen DMT (dimethyltryptamine<\/em>) [3], kter\u00fd zp\u016fsob\u00ed expanzi v\u011bdom\u00ed. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o stejnou l\u00e1tku, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 u lid\u00ed sp\u00e1nek a je tedy v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b v t\u011ble p\u0159\u00edtomna.<\/span>
\n Po\u017eit\u00edm lektvaru, ayahuasca umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161amanovi vid\u011bt a poznat onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tak, aby je mohl n\u00e1sledn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit pomoc\u00ed zp\u011bvu \u00cdkaro. \u00cdkaro se zp\u00edv\u00e1 na jak\u00fdkoli objekt kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba “nab\u00edt” energi\u00ed, a tak ho o\u010distit a ochr\u00e1nit. Pro kmen Shipibo-Konibo-Xetebo, \u0159e\u010d a vibrace zp\u011bvu maj\u00ed velkou moc a \u00cdkaro – posv\u00e1tn\u00fd zp\u011bv, m\u00e1 vliv na osobu nebo p\u0159edm\u011bt a transformuje se v n\u011bm.<\/span>
\n Pacient p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 zp\u011bv \u00cdkaros od \u0161amana a tak\u00e9 pop\u00edj\u00ed ayahuascu, kter\u00e1 mu umo\u017e\u0148uje vid\u011bt aspekty souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s jeho chorobou ve vztahu k jeho \u017eivotn\u00ed pouti, aby dos\u00e1hl lep\u0161\u00edho pochopen\u00ed sebe sama a mo\u017enosti vyl\u00e9\u010dit se. Jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed ritu\u00e1lu je duchovn\u00ed o\u010dista t\u011bla, co\u017e se projevuje zvracen\u00edm. Tak\u017ee 95% lid\u00ed zvrac\u00ed, proto\u017ee to je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm ayahuasca l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed.<\/span>
\n Je\u0161t\u011b stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee u halucinac\u00ed produkovan\u00fdch po\u017eit\u00edm ayahuascy, jsou obvykle p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 prvky p\u0159\u00edrody, nad nimi\u017e \u0161aman prov\u00e1d\u00ed symbolickou interpretaci, de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v od ducha rostliny. Tento konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jazykov\u00fd k\u00f3d m\u00e1 poetick\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch metafory a symbolismus, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje, co\u017e ho m\u011bn\u00ed v obrazov\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd se li\u0161\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 relaci v z\u00e1vislosti na \u0161amanech, pacientech a jejich zdravotn\u00edm stavu. Existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 procedury, kter\u00e9 \u0161aman prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed \u00cdkaros, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny zase jin\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 rostliny, tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za posv\u00e1tn\u00e9, jako je tomu i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tab\u00e1ku, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro duchovn\u00ed o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a ochranu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee experimenty s ayahuascou jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a pokud budete jednat lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1s to st\u00e1t snadno i \u017eivot. Pro \u00faplnost dod\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee existuje i temn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka \u0161amanismu a jsou i tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed dovedou lidem velmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u0161kodit. A m\u016f\u017eete h\u00e1dat, kter\u00fdch je v\u00edc?<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Ministerstvo kultury Peru, Rezoluce o kulturn\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00ed kmene Shipibo-Konibo-Xetebo, Internet: http:\/\/transparencia.cultura.gob.pe
\n<\/a>[2] Caruso G. (2005). Shamanes Shipibo Conibo. Modernidad y Cambio en la Amazonia Peruana. Abya-Yala, Quito. (Shipibo-Conibo Shamans. Modernity and Change in the Peruvian Amazon).<\/span>
\n [3] Dimethyltryptamin. Wikipedia. Online: Wikipedia<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsme\u00a0p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety poprv\u00e9 p\u0159ijeli do Cusca, prvn\u00ed, co si dob\u0159e vybavuji, byla reakce na dotaz jednoho americk\u00e9ho turisty, jestli je mo\u017en\u00e9 v Cuscu podstoupit ritu\u00e1l pit\u00ed ayahuascy. Ano, mo\u017en\u00e9 to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00edstn\u00edch akreditovan\u00fdch pr\u016fvodc\u016f to turist\u016fm nedoporu\u010duje a d\u016frazn\u011b varuje p\u0159ed tzv. \u201esamozvan\u00fdmi pr\u016fvodci Ayahuascou\u201c a podvodn\u00edky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[31,29,4,30],"class_list":["post-130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani","tag-amazonie","tag-ayahuasca","tag-peru","tag-samanismus"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2597,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions\/2597"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}