{"id":155,"date":"2022-02-19T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-18T23:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=155"},"modified":"2022-02-18T13:51:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T12:51:13","slug":"mochikove-stavitele-hlinenych-pyramid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2022\/02\/19\/mochikove-stavitele-hlinenych-pyramid\/","title":{"rendered":"Mochikov\u00e9: Stavitel\u00e9 hlin\u011bn\u00fdch pyramid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Kultura Mochica nebo Moche (\u010dti Mo\u010de) je p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00e1 kultura, pov\u011bstn\u00e1 svoji keramikou a architekturou, kter\u00e1 byla v\u017edy pova\u017eov\u00e1na za to nejlep\u0161\u00ed, co starov\u011bk\u00e9 Peru nab\u00edzelo. A p\u0159es to v\u0161echno z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti tak m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e1. Kultura Moche se nach\u00e1zela pod\u00e9l severn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Peru, vznikla a rozv\u00edjela se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b mezi lety 100 a 700 n.l. .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Jednalo se o civilizaci podobn\u00e9ho typu jako byla kultura Nazca, kter\u00e1 zab\u00edrala ji\u017en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Peru. Mochikov\u00e9 se chronologicky situuj\u00ed mezi kultury Chav\u00edn (rann\u00e1 epocha) a Chim\u00fa (pozdn\u00ed epocha). Historicky pat\u0159\u00ed do obdob\u00ed zvan\u00e9ho jako &#8220;\u0159emesln\u00e9&#8221; nebo obdob\u00ed &#8220;velk\u00fdch stavitel\u016f m\u011bst&#8221;, kter\u00e9 trvalo a\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do roku 700 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. N\u00e1zev ozna\u010duje pracovit\u00fd a kreativn\u00ed charakter t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159ela vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed keramiku, zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot a n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou v\u00edru t\u00e9 doby, a jejich\u017e zlatnick\u00e9 dovednosti udivily i pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Inky. Mochikov\u00e9 se usadili na severn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Peru, mezi \u00fadol\u00edmi Lambayeque, Jequetepeque, Chicama, Moche a Huarmey.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Teorie o t\u00e9to kultu\u0159e se pomalu vyv\u00edj\u00ed a m\u011bn\u00ed, hlavn\u011b kv\u016fli objevu nov\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch lokalit, jako je D\u00e1ma z&nbsp;Cao (La Dama de Cao) a nebo P\u00e1n ze Sip\u00e1nu (Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n), jeho\u017e hrob byl objeven nedaleko m\u011bsta Chiclayo. Tento objev zp\u016fsobil velk\u00fd ohlas ve sv\u011bt\u011b a n\u00e1lez hrobu je srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n s&nbsp;n\u00e1lezem hrobu fara\u00f3na Tutancham\u00f3na v&nbsp;Egypt\u011b. Ve m\u011bst\u011b Chiclayo je postaven\u00e9 muzeum zlata (v&nbsp;podstat\u011b je to obrovsk\u00fd trezor), kde jsou k&nbsp;vid\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161echny n\u00e1lezy z&nbsp;hrobu P\u00e1na se Sip\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>V\u00fdborn\u00ed zpracovatel\u00e9 kov\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Mochikov\u00e9 byli zku\u0161en\u00ed zpracovatel\u00e9 kov\u016f. Poda\u0159ilo se jim objevit vlastnosti zlata, st\u0159\u00edbra a m\u011bdi, a vyvinuli techniky t\u011b\u017eby nerost\u016f, taven\u00ed a chemick\u00e9ho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Pracovali i s&nbsp;\u0159adou slo\u017eit\u00fdch slitin &#8211; pou\u017e\u00edvali chrom, rtu\u0165, bronz, um\u011bli pozlatit m\u011b\u010f i st\u0159\u00edbro. Ovl\u00e1dali celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dinidel, jako jsou kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 soli, dusi\u010dnan draseln\u00fd, hlin\u00edk, drasl\u00edk, s\u00edrany, atd. Vyvinuli metody taven\u00ed, rafinace, sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f, laminace kov\u016f, atd. S&nbsp;t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm byli schopni produkovat celou \u0159adu ka\u017edodenn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, jako jsou \u0161\u00e1lky, tal\u00ed\u0159e, kle\u0161t\u011b, mu\u0161le, ozdoby, jako n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edky, medaile, n\u00e1ramky, n\u00e1u\u0161nice a dal\u0161\u00ed ozdoby do u\u0161\u00ed, rt\u016f a nosu. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bli tak\u00e9 zbran\u011b, jako jsou no\u017ee a \u0161ipky, i chr\u00e1ni\u010de r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edvali je tak\u00e9 k&nbsp;v\u00fdrob\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f &#8211; masky pro n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly a dokonce i ke zhotoven\u00ed hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jako jsou bubny a fl\u00e9tny.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-155 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/9077228917_7b4c41f975_b.jpg' title=\"zlato Moche\" data-rl_title=\"zlato Moche\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/9077228917_7b4c41f975_b-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-184\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-184'>\n\t\t\t\tmaska\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/5big-1.jpg' title=\"nausnice Moche\" data-rl_title=\"nausnice Moche\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"407\" height=\"395\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/5big-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/5big-1.jpg 407w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/5big-1-300x291.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-193'>\n\t\t\t\tn\u00e1u\u0161nice\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sipan-boucle-d-oreille-sipan.jpg' title=\"Nau\u0161nice Moche\" data-rl_title=\"Nau\u0161nice Moche\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sipan-boucle-d-oreille-sipan-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-194\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-194'>\n\t\t\t\tn\u00e1u\u0161nice\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2c4800ac7c1c3ba265a699a61b428c75-1.jpg' title=\"nausnice_2\" data-rl_title=\"nausnice_2\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2c4800ac7c1c3ba265a699a61b428c75-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2c4800ac7c1c3ba265a699a61b428c75-1.jpg 564w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2c4800ac7c1c3ba265a699a61b428c75-1-300x181.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-195'>\n\t\t\t\tn\u00e1u\u0161nice\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Cix_sipan2.jpg' title=\"Cix_sipan2\" data-rl_title=\"Cix_sipan2\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Cix_sipan2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Cix_sipan2.jpg 348w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Cix_sipan2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Cix_sipan2-298x300.jpg 298w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-196'>\n\t\t\t\tn\u00e1u\u0161nice\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Pov\u011bstn\u00e1 keramika<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Dekorativn\u00ed motivy jejich keramiky byly velmi r\u016fznorod\u00e9. Najdeme zde zv\u00ed\u0159ata, rostliny, sc\u00e9ny z&nbsp;ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota (t\u00e9matem sexu jsou pov\u011bstn\u00ed) nebo mytologie mo\u010dick\u00fdch boh\u016f. Jejich keramika vynikala nejlep\u0161\u00ed kvalitou nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00fdmi kulturami a mohla b\u00fdt srovn\u00e1v\u00e1na snad jen s&nbsp;\u0159eckou keramikou. Keramika byla prim\u00e1rn\u011b \u010derven\u00e1 nebo v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b oran\u017eov\u00e1 a v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech dokonce \u010dern\u011bn\u00e1 kou\u0159em.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-155 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/32593501.jpg' title=\"\" data-rl_title=\"\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/32593501-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/hqdefault.jpg' title=\"Mochikov\u00e9 m\u011bli smysl pro detail\" data-rl_title=\"Mochikov\u00e9 m\u011bli smysl pro detail\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/hqdefault.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/hqdefault.jpg 480w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/hqdefault-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2938.jpg' title=\"N\u00e1doba\" data-rl_title=\"N\u00e1doba\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2938-640x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2938-640x445.jpg 640w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2938-392x272.jpg 392w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/2938-130x90.jpg 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sam_moche_warrior_britishmuseum_agostinoarts.jpg' title=\"Mo\u010dick\u00fd bojovn\u00edk\" data-rl_title=\"Mo\u010dick\u00fd bojovn\u00edk\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/sam_moche_warrior_britishmuseum_agostinoarts-606x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/d688769e135e804b4eb0047078fc845c.jpg' title=\"maska Moche\" data-rl_title=\"maska Moche\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/d688769e135e804b4eb0047078fc845c-525x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/d6696ceaef608b42ba40ec5661a644f1.jpg' title=\"v\u00e1za\" data-rl_title=\"v\u00e1za\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/d6696ceaef608b42ba40ec5661a644f1-450x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/e64ef6e0daa2db2653dc7a3cb8737344.jpg' title=\"pt\u00e1k\" data-rl_title=\"pt\u00e1k\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/e64ef6e0daa2db2653dc7a3cb8737344-736x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Organizace spole\u010dnosti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Organizace n\u00e1roda Mochik\u016f by se dala popsat jako teokraticko-militaristick\u00fd st\u00e1t. Neexistovala u nich \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1da, ale byla to skupina nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f, kdy ka\u017ed\u00fd z&nbsp;nich ovl\u00e1dal jedno nebo v\u00edce pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch \u00fadol\u00ed. Voj\u00e1ci u\u017e\u00edvali zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed status profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 byla vytvo\u0159ena pro kontrolu \u00fazemn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a politickou nadvl\u00e1du. O tom sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 komplexy, strategicky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v&nbsp;\u00fadol\u00edch a tak\u00e9 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zdi, kter\u00e9 obklopovaly ka\u017ed\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm centrem \u0159\u00ed\u0161e bylo \u00fadol\u00ed Moche.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Expanze na ciz\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed prob\u00edhala prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dobyva\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00e1lek a nov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed byla propojov\u00e1na s\u00edt\u00ed silnic. V\u0161eobecn\u011b se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jejich silnice a syst\u00e9m zast\u00e1vek byly inspirac\u00ed pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b inck\u00fdch silnic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Postaven\u00ed vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed vrstvy bylo inspirov\u00e1no \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Cie-Quich<\/strong> (reprezentov\u00e1n jako jagu\u00e1r) &#8211; byl vl\u00e1dcem \u010di kr\u00e1lem jednoho nebo mnoha pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch \u00fadol\u00ed.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Alaec<\/strong> -byl pod\u0159\u00edzen rozhodnut\u00ed vl\u00e1dce Cie-quiche.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Kn\u011bz<\/strong> \u2013 (reprezentov\u00e1n li\u0161kou) &#8211; m\u011bl velkou moc nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d celou populac\u00ed Mochik\u016f a byl opr\u00e1vn\u011bn k&nbsp;vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Lid\u00e9<\/strong> &#8211; (reprezentov\u00e1ni jako je\u0161t\u011brky) farm\u00e1\u0159i, ryb\u00e1\u0159i, obchodn\u00edci a \u0159emesln\u00edci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Ekonomika<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ekonomika Mochik\u016f byla zalo\u017eena na dominanci v&nbsp;zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a stavebn\u00edch technik\u00e1ch. To prokazovali mimo jin\u00e9 v\u00fdstavbou um\u011bl\u00fdch zavla\u017eovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 dodnes st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed v&nbsp;\u00fadol\u00ed Chicama. Jako hnojivo pou\u017e\u00edvali gu\u00e1no (trus mo\u0159sk\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f) p\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b kuku\u0159ice, fazol\u00ed nebo brambor. D\u00e1le p\u011bstovali d\u00fdn\u011b, ara\u0161\u00eddy a s\u00e1zeli ovocn\u00e9 stromy. Na lov ryb vyu\u017e\u00edvali zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed r\u00e1kosov\u00e9 \u010dluny tzv. &#8220;caballitos de totora\u201c. Tato metoda lovu ryb dodnes p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v&nbsp;severn\u00edch oblastech Peru. N\u00e1r\u016fst populace Mochik\u016f vedl k&nbsp;budov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch staveb, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch projekt\u016f jako kan\u00e1l La Cumbre, kter\u00fd se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes nebo akvadukt Ascope.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Architektura<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvek pro sv\u00e9 stavby pou\u017e\u00edvali j\u00edlov\u00e9 bahno a konstrukce z&nbsp;nep\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel tzv. adobe. Mochikov\u00e9 postavili ob\u0159adn\u00ed st\u0159ediska a chr\u00e1my (kde \u017eila elita), administrativn\u00ed centra, \u0159emesln\u00e9 d\u00edlny a celou \u0159adu obydl\u00ed pro populaci. Ob\u0159adn\u00ed st\u0159ediska byla slo\u017een\u00e1 z&nbsp;n\u011bkolika platforem navrstven\u00fdch na sob\u011b. Byla zasv\u011bcena uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed boh\u016f a jako v\u00fdzdoba byly pou\u017eity n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby. Proto dnes, kdy\u017e se odkryly \u010d\u00e1sti pyramid, objevily se n\u00e1dhern\u011b zachoval\u00e9 malby. Mochikov\u00e9 toti\u017e v\u017edy danou vrstvu p\u0159ekryli novou s\u00e9ri\u00ed cihel a t\u00edm zakonzervovali malby a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u00ed.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Pyramidy a pal\u00e1ce bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 postavit jen s&nbsp;vyu\u017eit\u00edm velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed architekti tak\u00e9 um\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edt k\u00e1men jako stavebn\u00ed prvek, ale hlavn\u011b pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f st\u011bn a teras. Nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed geometrickou strukturou reprezenta\u010dn\u00edch chr\u00e1m\u016f a obytn\u00fdch prostor\u016f byl obd\u00e9ln\u00edk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Typy architektury:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/strong> architektura: Byly to ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed a administrativn\u00ed chr\u00e1my. Nap\u0159.: Huaca de la Luna a Huaca del Sol o kter\u00fdch budu ps\u00e1t n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Vojensk\u00e1<\/strong> architektura: Velk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 stavby zd\u00ed a pevnost\u00ed ze sm\u011bs\u00ed kamene a nep\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel adobe.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e1<\/strong> architektura: Vyu\u017e\u00edvala se v&nbsp;osad\u00e1ch jako obydl\u00ed pro populaci.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavby Mochik\u016f tak jak je naz\u00fdv\u00e1me dnes:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Huaca de la Luna<\/strong> &#8211; byla zasv\u011bcena bohyni Shi, \u017een\u011b boha stvo\u0159itele. M\u016f\u017eete zde vid\u011bt fresky na &#8220;zdi m\u00fdt\u016f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Huaca del Sol<\/strong> &#8211; zasv\u011bcena bohu Stvo\u0159iteli (Aia Paec). Tato pyramida byla z&nbsp;velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zni\u010dena evropsk\u00fdmi dobyvateli p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed zlata.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Huaca Cao Viejo<\/strong> &#8211; nal\u00e9z\u00e1 se v&nbsp;archeologick\u00e9m komplexu El Brujo. Lze zde spat\u0159it n\u00e1st\u011bnnou malbu &#8220;tanec v\u011bz\u0148\u016f&#8221;.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <strong>Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n<\/strong> &#8211; v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou n\u00e1lezy z&nbsp;hrobky P\u00e1na ze Sip\u00e1nu v&nbsp;Muzeu Tumbes Reales de Sipan v&nbsp;Lambayeque.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_198\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-198\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-198\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/viajes-turismo-300x172.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/viajes-turismo-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/viajes-turismo-768x441.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/viajes-turismo.jpg 924w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-198\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Chr\u00e1my (Huacas)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><em>Jedna z&nbsp;legend prav\u00ed, \u017ee za d\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f na\u0161li dva brat\u0159i mal\u00e9ho dvouhlav\u00e9ho hada, kter\u00e9ho si nechali na hran\u00ed. Tento had v\u0161ak nebyl oby\u010dejn\u00fd had, ale byl to d\u00e9mon, kter\u00fd rostl dnem za dnem daleko rychleji, ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Kdy\u017e had dos\u00e1hl velikosti \u010dlov\u011bka, vesni\u010dan\u00e9 donutili bratry se ho zbavit, proto\u017ee ohro\u017eoval nejen \u017eivoty dom\u00e1c\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale tak\u00e9 samotn\u00e9 sousedy. Sice neochotn\u011b, ale p\u0159esto brat\u0159i vedli hada k&nbsp;mo\u0159i, kde ho pod fale\u0161nou z\u00e1minkou opustili.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <em>Had, kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee byl opu\u0161t\u011bn, za\u010dal se vracet po cest\u011b zp\u011bt do domu bratr\u016f. Na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b po\u017e\u00edral v\u0161e, v\u010detn\u011b mu\u017e\u016f a velk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, a z\u00edsk\u00e1val st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed velikost. Jeden z&nbsp;vesni\u010dan\u016f na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed hada zahl\u00e9dl v&nbsp;d\u00e1lce a zalarmoval celou vesnici. V\u0161ichni jej\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 se dali na \u00fat\u011bk, a\u017e se dostali na \u00fapat\u00ed hory nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201ccerro Blanco\u201d.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <em>V okam\u017eiku, kdy se dvouhlav\u00fd had dostal a\u017e k&nbsp;ho\u0159e a chystal se pohltit vesni\u010dany, hora otev\u0159ela sv\u00e9 \u00fatroby a vesni\u010dan\u00e9 se zde mohli schovat. Kdy\u017e nebezpe\u010d\u00ed po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b pominulo, vesni\u010dan\u00e9 se mohli op\u011bt vr\u00e1tit. Jako vzpom\u00ednka na tuto ud\u00e1lost prot\u00edn\u00e1 horu \u010dern\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra jako jizva. <\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> <em>Kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 vid\u011bli, \u017ee tato hora je magick\u00e1 a b\u016fh jim pomohl ukr\u00fdt se zde p\u0159ed hadem, postavili k&nbsp;jeho cti chr\u00e1m, kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Huaca de la Luna (pyramida M\u011bs\u00edce).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Legenda a kultura Moche:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_19898\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Pj4JgX3aMOI?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed pyramida (Huaca de la Luna) je pyramida, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v&nbsp;severn\u00edm Peru, v&nbsp;provincii La Libertad, asi 5 km ji\u017en\u011b od m\u011bsta Trujillo. Je vzd\u00e1lena pouh\u00fdch 500 metr\u016f od pyramidy Slunce (Huaca del Sol), postaven\u00e9 pozd\u011bji. Mezi ob\u011bma chr\u00e1my st\u00e1lo m\u011bsto.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-155 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/huacadelsol.jpg' title=\"huacadelsol\" data-rl_title=\"huacadelsol\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/huacadelsol-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-200\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-200'>\n\t\t\t\tHuaca del Sol\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/HuacaSol.jpg' title=\"HuacaSol\" data-rl_title=\"HuacaSol\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/HuacaSol-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-201\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-201'>\n\t\t\t\tHuaca del Sol\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2564.jpg' title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" data-rl_title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2564-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"foto autor\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-171\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-171'>\n\t\t\t\tPohled na m\u011bsto a Huaca del Sol\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2552.jpg' title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" data-rl_title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2552-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"foto autor\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-170\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-170'>\n\t\t\t\tHuaca de la Luna\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2572.jpg' title=\"vrstveni moche\" data-rl_title=\"vrstveni moche\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2572-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-206\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-206'>\n\t\t\t\tvrstven\u00ed cihel\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/tru_patio_ceremonial.jpg' title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" data-rl_title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/tru_patio_ceremonial.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/tru_patio_ceremonial.jpg 500w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/tru_patio_ceremonial-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-204'>\n\t\t\t\tAia Paec\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2585.jpg' title=\"plac moche\" data-rl_title=\"plac moche\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2585-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-207\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-207'>\n\t\t\t\tcentr\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed pro ob\u0159ady\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2590.jpg' title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" data-rl_title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2590-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"foto autor\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-173\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-173'>\n\t\t\t\t&#8220;Ze\u010f m\u00fdt\u016f&#8221; v Huaca de la Luna\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/huacadelaluna.jpg' title=\"huacadelaluna\" data-rl_title=\"huacadelaluna\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/huacadelaluna-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-199\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-199'>\n\t\t\t\trekonstrukce Huaca de la Luna\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2521.jpg' title=\"Kultura Moche\" data-rl_title=\"Kultura Moche\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2521-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"foto autor\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-168\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-168'>\n\t\t\t\tRekonstrukce p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu na obr\u00e1zku\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2570.jpg' title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" data-rl_title=\"www.tom-stehule.com\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2570-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"foto autor\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-172\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-172'>\n\t\t\t\t\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pobo\u0159en\u00e1 pyramida od \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Huaca de la Luna je mistrovsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem lidsk\u00e9ho tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho g\u00e9nia. Jej\u00edch 12 tis\u00edc metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, s&nbsp;polychromovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdmi malbami, je vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem technologie v\u00fdstavby za vyu\u017eit\u00ed nep\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel &#8211; adobe, ve kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b kultura Moche dominovala. Bohat\u00e1 ikonografie a estetika m\u00e1 v\u00fdjime\u010dnou sv\u011btovou hodnotu, dokonce si trouf\u00e1m tvrdit, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 stavba, co do slo\u017eitosti a designu n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch maleb nem\u00e1 ve sv\u011bt\u011b obdoby.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Dohromady tohle v\u0161echno p\u0159edstavuje pozoruhodn\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o kulturn\u00edch tradic\u00edch Moche, kdy pyramida symbolizuje politickou moc prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch p\u0159edstav, a kde chr\u00e1m, nejposv\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a jeho bohy je spojen s&nbsp;posv\u00e1tnou horou jako vchod do sv\u011bta boh\u016f a samotn\u00e9ho bo\u017estv\u00ed. V&nbsp;architektur\u00e1ch pyramid Slunce a M\u011bs\u00edce m\u016f\u017eeme poznat, jak\u00e1 byla<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_169\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-169\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-169 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2547-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"foto: autor\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2547-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2547-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2547-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/SAM_2547.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-169\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Nep\u00e1len\u00e9 cihly adobe. Archeologov\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u016flky jsou zna\u010dky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u010dan m\u011bl povinnost vyrobit ur\u010dit\u00fd po\u010det cihel.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">tato spole\u010dnost, s&nbsp;jejich m\u011bsty, chr\u00e1my, kan\u00e1ly a farmami, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi na vyprahl\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v&nbsp;\u00fazk\u00e9m pruhu mezi Tich\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem a poho\u0159\u00edm And. M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed chr\u00e1m je architektonick\u00fd komplex, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se ze dvou posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch budov ve tvaru komol\u00e9ho jehlanu, nazvan\u00e9ho Star\u00fd a Nov\u00fd chr\u00e1m. Jsou postaven\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b na plo\u0161e, kam mohli vstoupit jen privilegovan\u00e9 osoby, a to s&nbsp;c\u00edlem bu\u010f uct\u00edvat sv\u00e9 bohy nebo ob\u011btovat sv\u016fj \u017eivot.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Naproti tomu Huaca del Sol (slune\u010dn\u00ed pyramida), je stavba postaven\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e pro administrativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze stup\u0148ovit\u00e9 pyramidy, kter\u00e1 je 43 metr\u016f vysok\u00e1. M\u00e1 5 velk\u00fdch teras, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z&nbsp;nich m\u00e1 80 metr\u016f na d\u00e9lku, a to na 228 dlouh\u00e9m, 136 \u0161irok\u00e9m a 18 metr\u016f vysok\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b. Je zakon\u010dena pyramidou 23 metr\u016f vysokou, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u010dtvercov\u00fd p\u016fdorys o stran\u011b 103&nbsp;m. Huaca byla administrativn\u00edm politick\u00fdm centrem t\u00e9to kultury a obydl\u00ed pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrstvu spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 invaze v&nbsp;t\u00e9to oblasti vedla k&nbsp;\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9mu zni\u010den\u00ed pyramidy. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed zlata, \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 odklonili \u0159eku a po\u0161kodili tak jej\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti. Jeden badatel z&nbsp;Trujilla[1] prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee v&nbsp;16.&nbsp;a 17.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed \u00a0se prod\u00e1valy pod\u00edly v&nbsp;tomto &#8220;<em>dolu<\/em>&#8221; na zlato. Za jedin\u00fd rok, odtud vydolovali p\u0159es t\u0159i tuny zlata. \u00a0 Archeologov\u00e9 budou m\u00edt v&nbsp;budoucnosti mnoho pr\u00e1ce. Na rozd\u00edl od pyramidy M\u011bs\u00edce chyb\u011bj\u00ed na pr\u016fzkum pyramidy Slunce pen\u00edze. Jen pro dodatek a pro p\u0159edstavu jej\u00ed velikosti &#8211; na v\u00fdstavbu se pou\u017eilo dle odhadu v\u00edce jak 140 milion\u016f cihel adobe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ov\u0161em jsou zde i otazn\u00edky. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina zmizen\u00ed kultury Moche n\u011bkdy kolem obdob\u00ed 600 a\u017e 700 n.l. nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma, ale mohla b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena suchem, kter\u00e9 trvalo asi 30 let na konci \u0161est\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9ho obdob\u00edm z\u00e1plav zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch jevem El Ni\u00f1o (toto bylo identifikov\u00e1no meteorology podle tlou\u0161\u0165ky ledu v&nbsp;And\u00e1ch). Dosud jsem nenapsal nic o ob\u0159adech Mochik\u016f a jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u011bl pro n\u011b jejich b\u016fh Aia paec. O tom zase n\u011bkdy p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b. Z\u00e1nik kultury Moche znamenal z\u00e1sadn\u00ed obrat rovnov\u00e1hy sil v&nbsp;Peru od severn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00ed vyso\u010dinu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">[1] Jorge Yevallos Quino\u00f1es, <em>Huaca y Huaqueros en Trujillo<\/em> (Trujillo, 1994)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Cultura Mochica. Cultura Mundial. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.culturamundial.com\/2010\/05\/cultura-mochica.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.culturamundial.com\/2010\/05\/cultura-mochica.html<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Huaca de la Luna. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huaca_de_la_Luna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huaca_de_la_Luna<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Huacas del Sol y de la Luna. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huacas_del_Sol_y_de_la_Luna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huacas_del_Sol_y_de_la_Luna<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Mitolog\u00eda moche. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitolog%C3%ADa_moche\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitolog%C3%ADa_moche<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u010ct\u011bte v\u00edce tak\u00e9 na \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/historie\/146-zahadna-kultura-mocha#close\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kultura Mochica nebo Moche je p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00e1 kultura, pov\u011bstn\u00e1 svoji keramikou a architekturou, kter\u00e1 byla v\u017edy pova\u017eov\u00e1na za to nejlep\u0161\u00ed, co starov\u011bk\u00e9 Peru nab\u00edzelo. A p\u0159es to v\u0161echno z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti tak m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,33,35,6],"class_list":["post-155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-moche","tag-pyramidy","tag-trujillo"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4030,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions\/4030"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}