{"id":1881,"date":"2022-04-23T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-22T22:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=1881"},"modified":"2023-03-17T15:10:10","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T14:10:10","slug":"guatemalska-dzungle-odhalila-mayskou-megapoli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2022\/04\/23\/guatemalska-dzungle-odhalila-mayskou-megapoli\/","title":{"rendered":"La selva guatemalteca revela una meg\u00e1polis maya"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve \u010dtvrtek 1. \u00fanora 2018 archeologov\u00e9 a z\u00e1stupci guatemalsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f p\u0159edstavili novou studii, kter\u00e1 je revoluc\u00ed v dosavadn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumech star\u00fdch kultur. [1] Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed laserov\u00fd skener odhalil p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 000 maysk\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch struktur na severu Guatemaly. Tyto ruiny jsou skryty pod zem\u00ed v hust\u00e9 d\u017eungli a jejich odhalen\u00ed bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jen d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie.<\/b><\/span> Zbytky staveb byly nalezeny b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch dvou let pomoc\u00ed technologie LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging).[2] Technologie byla namontov\u00e1na na letadlo a umo\u017enila d\u00edky senzor\u016fm naskenovat 2100 km2<\/sup> \u00fazem\u00ed v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti departementu <\/span>El Pet\u00e9n<\/b>, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed u hranic se st\u00e1ty Mexiko a Belize. Na tiskov\u00e9 konferenci to \u0159ekl <\/span>Marcello Canuto<\/b>,[3] archeolog na Americk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v Tulane.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u00fdsledky mapov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed technologie LiDAR odhalily tis\u00edce archeologick\u00fdch m\u00edst. Zdroj [6]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a poslucha\u010d\u016fm vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee byla nalezena nov\u00e1 m\u011bstsk\u00e1 centra v\u010detn\u011b cest, dom\u016f, teras, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 m\u00edsta, zavla\u017eovac\u00ed kan\u00e1ly a opevn\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Na p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1ch a realizaci projektu se pod\u00edlela tak\u00e9 Maysk\u00e1 nadace pro kulturn\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed (PACUNAM), kter\u00e1 vybrala dev\u011bt archeologick\u00fdch lokalit, v\u010detn\u011b jejich okol\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch pak prob\u00edhalo mapov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato organizace \u00a0[4 je \u00a0financovan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru v Guatemale a za pomoci zahrani\u010dn\u00edch d\u00e1rc\u016f.<\/span> Jedn\u00edm z v\u00fdsledk\u016f mapov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo odhalen\u00ed nov\u00e9 pyramidy o v\u00fd\u0161ce 30 metr\u016f. Ta byla p\u016fvodn\u011b identifikov\u00e1na jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd vrch, nal\u00e9zaj\u00edc\u00ed se v Tikalu, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed k hlavn\u00edm archeologick\u00fdm centr\u016fm St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky. Na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b byl tak\u00e9 odhalen p\u0159\u00edkop a zbytky zd\u00ed o d\u00e9lce 14 km.\u00a0<\/span>\u201cTe\u010f u\u017e nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 k\u00e1cet d\u017eungli, abyste vid\u011bli, co je pod n\u00ed,\u201d<\/span><\/i> \u0159ekl Canuto a popsal proveden\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed jako \u201c<\/span>revoluci v maysk\u00e9 archeologii<\/b>\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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Archeologick\u00e9 lokality na kter\u00fdch bylo prov\u00e1d\u011bno mapov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zdroj [6]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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I zd\u00e1nliv\u011b na oby\u010dejn\u00e1 d\u017eungle v sob\u011b m\u016f\u017ee ukr\u00fdvat poz\u016fstatky star\u00e9 civilizace. Obr\u00e1zek se shodouje s \u00favodn\u00edm obr\u00e1zkem, na kter\u00e9m je jasn\u011b vid\u011bt pyramidov\u00e1 struktura. Zdroj [6]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f jim syst\u00e9m LiDAR umo\u017enil v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu odhalit n\u00e1lezy, jejich\u017e nalezen\u00ed by s tradi\u010dn\u00ed technologi\u00ed trvalo des\u00edtky let.<\/span> Nav\u00edc tato studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee na vrcholu maysk\u00e9 civilizace byly tyto n\u00ed\u017einy obsazeny a\u017e 10 miliony obyvatel, tedy mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed populac\u00ed, ne\u017e byly p\u0159edchoz\u00ed odhady!\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cTato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed znovu potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee Guatemala byla srdcem maysk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta,\u201d<\/span><\/i> dodal <\/span>Jorge Mario Chaj\u00f3n<\/b>, \u0159editel Guatemalsk\u00e9ho institutu pro cestovn\u00ed ruch (Inguat).[5]<\/span><\/span> Jos\u00e9 Luis Chea<\/b>, guatemalsk\u00fd ministr kultury a sportu dodal, \u017ee cel\u00e1 studie bude uvedena v dokumentu, kter\u00fd bude m\u00edt premi\u00e9ru dne 11. \u00fanora 2018 na televizn\u00edm kan\u00e1lu National Geographic.<\/span><\/span> Maysk\u00e1 kultura byla na vrcholu v takzvan\u00e9m klasick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed v l\u00e9tech 250 p\u0159. n. l. \u2013 900 n. l., dokud nedos\u00e1hla obdob\u00ed dekadence v post-klasick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, t.j. mezi l\u00e9ty 900 a 1200 n.l. Tato bohat\u00e1 kultura se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed st\u00e1ty Guatemala, Mexiko, Belize, Salvador a Honduras.<\/span> Mnoz\u00ed u\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe bylo d\u00e1vno v\u0161e objeveno a nem\u00e1 n\u00e1m co dal\u0161\u00edho nab\u00eddnout. A\u010dkoliv si to nemysl\u00edm, p\u0159ece jen nov\u00e9 technologie zm\u011bnily pohled na starobyl\u00fd sv\u011bt, a op\u011bt tak m\u00e1me mo\u017enost pro\u017e\u00edvat vzru\u0161en\u00ed z nov\u00fdch objev\u016f. Zmapovat detailn\u011b v\u0161echny n\u00e1lezy, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ud\u011blat dal\u0161\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed objevy, ale potrv\u00e1 des\u00edtky a\u017e stovky dal\u0161\u00edch let.<\/span><\/p>\n