{"id":2064,"date":"2018-06-16T00:10:41","date_gmt":"2018-06-15T22:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=2064"},"modified":"2018-05-27T23:27:36","modified_gmt":"2018-05-27T21:27:36","slug":"andsky-kriz-chakana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2018\/06\/16\/andsky-kriz-chakana\/","title":{"rendered":"Andsk\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e Chakana"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><b>Kdo kdy cestoval do Peru, ur\u010dit\u011b se setkal se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm symbolem &#8211; zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem, kter\u00fd m\u00edstn\u00ed domorodci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Chakana. Jedn\u00e1 se o tradi\u010dn\u00ed andsk\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, s&nbsp;velkou d\u016fle\u017eitost\u00ed v&nbsp;kosmologii p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Ink\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je tento zaj\u00edmav\u00fd symbol n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako \u201ck\u0159\u00ed\u017e Ink\u016f\u201d. Chakana reprezentuje posv\u00e1tn\u00fd symbol, koncept k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00fd zahrnuje n\u011bkolik \u00farovn\u00ed slo\u017eitosti, podle zp\u016fsobu jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chakana nebo-li jinak ke\u010du\u00e1nsky \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chaka hanan<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d a ajmarsky \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pusi chakani\u201d <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">znamen\u00e1 \u201chorn\u00ed most\u201d. Jedn\u00e1 se o pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00edho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, a p\u0159edstavuje synt\u00e9zu andsk\u00e9 kosmovize. Mimo to zahrnuje tak\u00e9 astronomick\u00fd koncept, prov\u00e1zan\u00fd s&nbsp;ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00edm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Nen\u00ed zcela jist\u00e9, kde se k\u0159\u00ed\u017e Chakana vzal, ale mohl by to b\u00fdt s&nbsp;nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 4&nbsp;000 let star\u00fd symbol. V&nbsp;severn\u00edm Peru toti\u017e existuje archeologick\u00fd komplex Ventarr\u00f3n, kde byla nalezena nejstar\u0161\u00ed forma Chakany. I kdy\u017e nen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b stanoveno st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed chr\u00e1mu, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee jeho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je nejm\u00e9n\u011b 4000 a\u017e 5000 let.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2069\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2069\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2069 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG_0216-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG_0216.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG_0216-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/IMG_0216-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2069\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Rytina andsk\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bta v&nbsp;chr\u00e1mu Coricancha, Cusco. Zdroj: autor.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V roce 1613 napsal kronik\u00e1\u0159 <\/span><b>Juan Santa Cruz Salcamaygua <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">svoji kroniku nazvanou \u201e<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cr\u00f3nica de Relaci\u00f3n de Antig\u00fcedades de este Reino del Pir\u00fa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c, ve kter\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 popsal tajemnou rytinu andsk\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bta. Tato rytina se nach\u00e1zela u olt\u00e1\u0159e v&nbsp;nejposv\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm chr\u00e1mu Ink\u016f &#8211; Coricancha v&nbsp;Cuscu. V&nbsp;rytin\u011b pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 Chakanu jako obecn\u00fd m\u016fstek nebo \u017eeb\u0159\u00edk, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval tehdej\u0161\u00edm lidem skryt\u011b udr\u017eovat spojen\u00ed s&nbsp;\u201cjin\u00fdm\u201d sv\u011btem.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><figure id=\"attachment_2072\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2072\" style=\"width: 347px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2072 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cruz.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"347\" height=\"391\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2072\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">K\u0159\u00ed\u017e Chacana tak, jak je symbol nej\u010dast\u011bji vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n. Zdroj [1].<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<td><figure id=\"attachment_2073\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2073\" style=\"width: 212px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2073 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/mapa.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"233\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2073\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Andsk\u00e9 kultury oslavuj\u00ed Den Chakany ka\u017ed\u00fd 3.&nbsp;kv\u011bten, kdy\u017e je \u201eJi\u017en\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u201c, vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed k&nbsp;ji\u017en\u00edmu p\u00f3lu. Zdroj [1].<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Juan Salcamaygua ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed [1] vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159evzat\u00e9 od star\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">K\u0159\u00ed\u017e zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje dv\u011b &#8216;posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 m\u00edsta&#8217;, kter\u00e9 si navz\u00e1jem oponuj\u00ed: prvn\u00ed, vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed projekce, rozd\u011blen\u00e1 na mu\u017eskou polovinu a \u017eenskou polovinu; druh\u00e1, horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed projekce, rozd\u011blen\u00e1 na polovinou &#8216;nebesk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed&#8217; a na druhou polovinou \u201csv\u011btsk\u00fdch-pozemsk\u00fdch a podzemn\u00edch\u201d bytost\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Orientace shora dol\u016f znamen\u00e1 mu\u017eskou konotaci a orientaci zdola nahoru zase \u017eenskou konotaci.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Chakana m\u00e1 tvar X, kde diagon\u00e1ly spojuj\u00ed 4 rohy &#8220;domu&#8221;, my\u0161leno vesm\u00edru.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Chakana je andsk\u00fd symbol relativity v\u0161eho.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ra vyjad\u0159uje rela\u010dn\u00ed opozici, kter\u00e1 koresponduje mezi velk\u00fdm a mal\u00fdm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Prostor na vodorovn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1\u0159e se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Hanaq Pacha (sv\u011bt noho\u0159e, &#8220;horn\u00ed vrstva&#8221;).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma sv\u011bty, jsou prameny, laguny, hory.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">V\u0161echny objekty v&nbsp;n\u011bm maj\u00ed sv\u016fj d\u016fvod existence, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nen\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_2070\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2070\" style=\"width: 347px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2070 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/chakana-calendario.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"347\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/chakana-calendario.jpg 347w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/chakana-calendario-274x300.jpg 274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2070\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">K\u0159\u00ed\u017e Chacana s&nbsp;vyobrazen\u00edm andsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu jednoho roku. Zdroj [1].<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Dodnes chakanskou grafiku zobrazuj\u00ed Ajmarov\u00e9 na sv\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Stejn\u011b jako jejich p\u0159edci udr\u017euj\u00ed lun\u00e1rn\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 13 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, a v&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9m m\u011bs\u00edci 28 dn\u016f. 13 x 28&nbsp;dn\u00ed se rovn\u00e1 364 dn\u016fm. Posledn\u00ed, 365 den je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za den nuly, n\u011bco jako po\u010d\u00e1tek Andsk\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho roku. Ten den p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 3.&nbsp;kv\u011btna, kdy Ji\u017en\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1 astronomickou (geometrickou) podobu dokonal\u00e9ho latinsk\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Tento k\u0159\u00ed\u017e byl nalezen na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o architektonick\u00e1 d\u00edla, kamenn\u00e9 sochy, textil, keramiku nebo sochy v&nbsp;cel\u00e9 andsk\u00e9 oblasti Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky. Byla nalezena i v&nbsp;Caralsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 je matkou v\u0161ech americk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed. [2] <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">V archeologick\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch jako Sech\u00edn Bajo, a nebo u staveb kultury T\u00edwanako v&nbsp;Bol\u00edvii, byly kdysi postaveny jedine\u010dn\u00e9 astronomick\u00e9 observato\u0159e pr\u00e1v\u011b pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00edho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, proto\u017ee cel\u00e1 zdej\u0161\u00ed kultura z\u00e1visela na jeho pohybu a konstelaci, a umo\u017e\u0148ovala pl\u00e1novat ro\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byla zaznamen\u00e1na i v&nbsp;Paracasu, pobl\u00ed\u017e Icy a nebo v&nbsp;Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar v&nbsp;severn\u00edm Peru. [3] Chakana nen\u00ed ale jen symbolem, nal\u00e9zaj\u00edc\u00edm se v&nbsp;Peru. Symbol byl tak\u00e9 nalezen v&nbsp;Ekv\u00e1doru, Argentin\u011b a Chile, proto\u017ee i sem kdysi zasahovala \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Ink\u016f. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1] Pueblos Originarios. Cosmolog\u00eda Inca. Online: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pueblosoriginarios.com\/sur\/andina\/inca\/chakana.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/pueblosoriginarios.com\/sur\/andina\/inca\/chakana.html<br \/>\n<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2] St\u011bhule, T.: Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o prosperit\u011b a z\u00e1niku \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Caral. 10.02.2017. Online: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2017\/02\/10\/hlaseni-o-prosperite-a-zaniku-rise-caral\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2017\/02\/10\/hlaseni-o-prosperite-a-zaniku-rise-caral\/<br \/>\n<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3] St\u011bhule, T.: Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar: Sv\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed st\u00e1le ukr\u00fdv\u00e1. 2.9.2017. Online: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2017\/09\/02\/chavin-de-huantar-sve-nejvetsi-tajemstvi-stale-ukryva\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2017\/09\/02\/chavin-de-huantar-sve-nejvetsi-tajemstvi-stale-ukryva\/<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kdo kdy cestoval do Peru, ur\u010dit\u011b se setkal se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm symbolem &#8211; zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem, kter\u00fd m\u00edstn\u00ed domorodci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Chakana. Jedn\u00e1 se o tradi\u010dn\u00ed andsk\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, s&nbsp;velkou d\u016fle\u017eitost\u00ed v&nbsp;kosmologii p\u0159edhisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Ink\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je tento zaj\u00edmav\u00fd symbol n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako \u201ck\u0159\u00ed\u017e Ink\u016f\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[34,7,13,5,4,30,16,43],"class_list":["post-2064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-inkove","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru","tag-samanismus","tag-tahuantinsuyo","tag-zahady"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2064"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2078,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2064\/revisions\/2078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}