{"id":2081,"date":"2022-11-19T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T23:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=2081"},"modified":"2025-11-18T10:14:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T09:14:00","slug":"kolaps-aztecke-civilizace-zpusobil-take-mor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2022\/11\/19\/kolaps-aztecke-civilizace-zpusobil-take-mor\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolaps Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 civilizace zp\u016fsobil tak\u00e9 mor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vypuknut\u00ed morov\u00e9 epidemie je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jednu z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch katastrof v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva, kdy mor v Evrop\u011b ukon\u010dil \u017eivot p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Jak tomu ale bylo v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe? Po p\u0159\u00edchodu \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch dobyvatel\u016f, veden\u00fdch Hern\u00e1nem Cort\u00e9sem v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, ji\u017e bylo 80% azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 populace zahubeno podivnou epidemi\u00ed. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 ji naz\u00fdvali \u201ccocoliztli\u201d (v jazyce Nahuatl znamen\u00e1 nemoc nebo \u0161k\u016fdce), a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina byla zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 500 let! Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ve studii, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v lednu 2018 v \u010dasopise Nature [1] \u00a0byla jako mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina ozna\u010dena \u201cst\u0159evn\u00ed hore\u010dka\u201d, jako je tyfus, co\u017e v podstat\u011b vylu\u010duje choroby jako ne\u0161tovice, spalni\u010dky, p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nice nebo ch\u0159ipka. To v\u0161echno jsou onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se obecn\u011b pova\u017euj\u00ed za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu likvidace indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kultur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00edm nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje – metagenomick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy DNA, extrahovan\u00e9 z 29 koster poh\u0159ben\u00fdch v oblasti Oaxaca v Mexiku, v\u011bdci zjistili stopy po bakterii <\/span>Salmonella enterica<\/b>, typu paratyphi C, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje st\u0159evn\u00ed hore\u010dku. M\u00edsto n\u00e1lezu je spojen\u00e9 s prvn\u00ed morovou epidemi\u00ed v roce 1545. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c5shild Vagene<\/b> z University v T\u00fcbingenu (N\u011bmecko) a spoluautor studie, v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee tento patogen je \u201csiln\u00fdm kandid\u00e1tem\u201d, kter\u00fd by mohl st\u00e1t za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou prudk\u00e9ho poklesu populace b\u011bhem \u0159\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nemoci \u201ccocoliztli\u201d, datovan\u00e9 mezi roky 1545 a 1550. M\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee tato nemoc p\u0159inesla smrt p\u011bti a\u017e osmi milion\u016fm domorodc\u016f, ihned po p\u0159\u00edchodu dobyva\u010dn\u00fdch \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2017 dv\u011b studie poprv\u00e9 uk\u00e1zaly bakterii Salmonella jako mo\u017en\u00e9ho vin\u00edka. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b <\/span>Maria Avila Arcos<\/b>, evolu\u010dn\u00ed geneti\u010dka na N\u00e1rodn\u00ed univerzit\u011b v Mexiku (UNAM), tehdy vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila nespokojenost s v\u00fdsledky, jak je uvedeno v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u010dasopisu Nature. Ten uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee tato mexick\u00e1 v\u011bdkyn\u011b a jin\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ccocoliztli\u201d zp\u016fsobil virus, a ne bakterie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vypuknut\u00ed tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je dodnes pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jedno z nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva, spolu s d\u00fdm\u011bjov\u00fdm morem, kter\u00fd zabil asi 25 milion\u016f lid\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b ve \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti se mor ojedin\u011ble v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe st\u00e1le vyskytuje. Panamerick\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (PAHO) ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b z roku 2013 pova\u017euje za rizikov\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i zem\u011b s endemick\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem moru: Bol\u00edvii, Braz\u00edlii, Ekv\u00e1dor a Peru. Tato nemoc \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s ekonomickou aktivitou ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011b, a tak se n\u00e1kaza ojedin\u011ble vyskytuje ve venkovsk\u00fdch populac\u00edch, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chudob\u011b a bl\u00edzko v\u00fdskytu n\u00e1kazy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico.Nature Ecology & Evolution. 15.01.2018. Online: <\/span>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-017-0446-6<\/span><\/a>
\n[2] Descubren al culpable de la peste que caus\u00f3 el colapso de la civilizaci\u00f3n azteca. 16.01.2018. rt.com. Online: <\/span>https:\/\/actualidad.rt.com\/actualidad\/260052-culpable-peste-muerte-aztecas-mexico<\/a>
\n<\/span>[3] Peste negra: la plaga con la que a\u00fan no pudo EEUU. 15.10.2015. infobae.com. Online:<\/span>https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/2015\/10\/16\/1762792-peste-negra-la-plaga-la-que-aun-no-pudo-eeuu\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00davodn\u00ed fotografie:
\n<\/span>[4]\u00a0La salmonella diezm\u00f3 a los aztecas a mitad del siglo XVI. 16.01.2018.elindependiente.com. Online: https:\/\/www.elindependiente.com\/vida-sana\/2018\/01\/16\/una-infeccion-salmonella-diezmo-los-aztecas-mitad-del-siglo-xvi\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vypuknut\u00ed morov\u00e9 epidemie je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jednu z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch katastrof v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva, kdy mor v Evrop\u011b ukon\u010dil \u017eivot p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Jak tomu ale bylo v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe? Po p\u0159\u00edchodu \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch dobyvatel\u016f, veden\u00fdch Hern\u00e1nem Cort\u00e9sem v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, ji\u017e bylo 80% azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 populace zahubeno podivnou epidemi\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[62,7,5],"class_list":["post-2081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-aztekove","tag-historie","tag-jizni-amerika"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2081"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4678,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2081\/revisions\/4678"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}