{"id":2103,"date":"2022-12-03T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T23:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=2103"},"modified":"2022-12-01T10:36:44","modified_gmt":"2022-12-01T09:36:44","slug":"poodkryly-velikonocni-ostrovy-dalsi-zahadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2022\/12\/03\/poodkryly-velikonocni-ostrovy-dalsi-zahadu\/","title":{"rendered":"Poodkryly Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrovy dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1hadu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Napadlo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dostat 13-ti tunov\u00fd kamenn\u00fd klobouk na 9 metr\u016f vysokou sochu? Asi odpov\u00edte, \u017ee samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0159\u00e1bem. Ale jak to d\u011blali obyvatel\u00e9 Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova p\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi? Je to z\u00e1hada, kter\u00e1 mate archeology cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed a u \u0159ady fantast\u016f vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 dokonce \u00favahy o zapojen\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f nebo magie. Poj\u010fme se na tu z\u00e1hadu pod\u00edvat trochu bl\u00ed\u017e.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"
Drdol um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na hlav\u011b sochy. Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto. Zdroj [3]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov je mal\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edkovit\u00fd ostrov o rozloze 163 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed uprost\u0159ed ji\u017en\u00edho Pacifiku, asi 3700 kilometr\u016f z\u00e1padn\u011b od Chile a 1900 v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Pitcairnov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f. Ostrov byl os\u00eddlen n\u011bkdy v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 1. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed Polyn\u00e9sany, kte\u0159\u00ed vytesali do sope\u010dn\u00e9ho kamene v\u00edce ne\u017e 900 soch tzv. Moai. P\u0159esto\u017ee je jejich pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka asi 4 metry, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed stoj\u00edc\u00ed socha stoj\u00edc\u00ed na plo\u0161in\u011b Te Pito Kura m\u011b\u0159\u00ed 9,8 metr\u016f a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 74 tun. A v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 soch m\u00e1 na sob\u011b \u201cklobouk\u201d zvan\u00fd pukao, \u010derven\u00e9 barvy, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1\u017eit a\u017e 13 tun. Nejedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak o klobouk, ale o drdol, kter\u00fd Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 dodnes leckde nos\u00ed, obarven\u00fd na\u010derveno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 trochu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ledni\u010dka…
\n<\/b>Sean Hixon<\/b>, antropolog na Pensylv\u00e1nsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b a jeho kolegov\u00e9 publikovali v \u010dasopise Journal of Archaeological Science jednoduch\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd ukazuje vynal\u00e9zavost obyvatel Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova (v domorod\u00e9m jazyce Rapa Nui).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee obyvatel\u00e9 Rapa Nui p\u0159emis\u0165ovali sochy z lomu Rano Raraku na \u00fapat\u00ed sopky do jejich kone\u010dn\u00e9 destinace na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch san\u00edch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v roce 2012 antropolog <\/span>Terry Hunt<\/b> a <\/span>Carl Lipo<\/b> z univerzity Binghamton a Arizona, dok\u00e1zali,[1] \u017ee je byli schopni p\u0159esunovat podobn\u011b, jako my p\u0159esunujeme doma ledni\u010dku. Tedy naklopit, zatla\u010dit a posunovat. Jedin\u00e9, co bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, byly provazy a lidsk\u00e1 s\u00edla, aby sochy \u201cmohly chodit\u201d, jak se hovo\u0159\u00ed v mytologii Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova. \u201c<\/span>P\u0159esouvali je elegantn\u00edm a pozoruhodn\u011b efektivn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval jednoduch\u00e9 procesy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na fyzice,\u201d<\/span><\/i> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lipo, kter\u00fd se s kolegou Huntem na nov\u00e9 studii pod\u00edlel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ale jak to bylo s \u201cklobouky\u201d?
\n<\/b>Pukao se t\u011b\u017eily v lomu pobl\u00ed\u017e sopky Puna Pau. Maj\u00ed v\u00e1lcovit\u00fd tvar a asi 2 metry v pr\u016fm\u011bru. A\u010dkoli n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tvrdili, \u017ee postava a klobouk se stav\u011bly spole\u010dn\u011b, zbytky opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Vyta\u017een\u00ed “drdolu” pomoc\u00ed techniky parbucklingu. Foto: zdroj [3]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>soch s<\/span><\/span>p\u00ed\u0161e nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee tomu tak nebylo. \u201cNejlep\u0161\u00edm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm pro p\u0159epravu klobouk\u016f z lomu je, \u017ee ho odvezeme k so\u0161e. Jakmile tam je, pukao bylo vyrolov\u00e1no po dlouh\u00e9 ramp\u011b a\u017e na vrchol stoj\u00edc\u00ed sochy pomoc\u00ed techniky parbucklingu,\u201d [2] \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lipo.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Parbuckling (\u010desk\u00fd ekvivalent tohohle slova jsem nikde nena\u0161el?!) se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00fdch lod\u00ed, jako byla nap\u0159\u00edklad Costa Concordia. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova by pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to techniky sest\u00e1valo z uchycen\u00ed st\u0159edu dlouh\u00e9ho lana na vrcholu rampy, prota\u017een\u00ed obou konc\u016f pod v\u00e1lcem a koordinovat pracovn\u00edky, aby v\u00e1lec vyt\u00e1hli. Tak\u017ee s pouh\u00fdmi patn\u00e1cti lidmi mohlo b\u00fdt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pukao vyta\u017eeno na vrchol sochy Moai. Pak by sta\u010dilo dovy\u0159ezat klobouk, p\u0159ipojit ho k so\u0161e a rozlo\u017eit rampu. Jednoduch\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed. Nebo snad ne?<\/span><\/p>\n

Na \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br by bylo dobr\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee stejn\u00fd zp\u016fsob pohybu prok\u00e1zal u\u017e v roce 1986 p\u0159\u00edmo na Velikono\u010dn\u00edm ostrov\u011b \u010desk\u00fd badatel ing. Pavel Pavel<\/strong>. A\u010dkoliv jsou jeho v\u00fdsledky v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice velmi dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9, ve sv\u011bt\u011b tomu tak zcela nen\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Lipo, C., Lipo-2013-The \u2018walking\u2019 megalithic statues (moai) of Easter Island. Online: <\/span>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/283016126_Lipo-2013-The_%27walking%27_megalithic_statues_moai_of_Easter_Island<\/span><\/a>
\n<\/span>[2] Parbuckle salvage. Wikipedia. Online: <\/span>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parbuckle_salvage<\/span><\/a>
\n<\/span>[3] Gam\u00e9z, L. As\u00ed les pusieron los sombreros a los mo\u00e1is. 05.06.2018. Online: \u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/magonia.com\/2018\/06\/05\/asi-les-pusieron-los-sombreros-a-los-moais\/<\/span><\/a>
\n[4] \u00davodn\u00ed foto:\u00a0\u00a0Isla de Pascua. Wikipedia ES. Online:\u00a0https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isla_de_Pascua\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Napadlo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dostat 13-ti tunov\u00fd kamenn\u00fd klobouk na 9 metr\u016f vysokou sochu? Asi odpov\u00edte, \u017ee samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0159\u00e1bem. Ale jak to d\u011blali obyvatel\u00e9 Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova p\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi? Je to z\u00e1hada, kter\u00e1 mate archeology cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed a u \u0159ady fantast\u016f vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 dokonce \u00favahy o zapojen\u00ed mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f nebo magie. Poj\u010fme se na tu z\u00e1hadu pod\u00edvat trochu bl\u00ed\u017e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[63,5,87],"class_list":["post-2103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-chile","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-velikonocni-ostrov"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2103"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2165,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions\/2165"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}