{"id":2595,"date":"2019-01-19T00:10:43","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T23:10:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=2595"},"modified":"2019-01-04T14:53:05","modified_gmt":"2019-01-04T13:53:05","slug":"prepise-nalez-kovove-masky-ucebnice-dejepisu%ef%bb%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2019\/01\/19\/prepise-nalez-kovove-masky-ucebnice-dejepisu%ef%bb%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ep\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1lez kovov\u00e9 masky u\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu?\ufeff"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jeden z&nbsp;nejstar\u0161\u00edch kovov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f byl nalezen v&nbsp;argentinsk\u00fdch ji\u017en\u00edch And\u00e1ch. Jedn\u00e1 se o starov\u011bkou obd\u00e9ln\u00edkovou m\u011bd\u011bnou masku, jej\u00ed\u017e st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je odhadov\u00e1no asi na 3000 let! Pokud tomu tak je, pak tento objev zpochyb\u0148uje v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ijatou my\u0161lenku, \u017ee v\u00fdroba kov\u016f prob\u00edhala a za\u010dala jen v&nbsp;Peru.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00edsto n\u00e1lezu masky bylo v&nbsp;hrobce nedaleko vesnice La Quebrada, v&nbsp;severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Argentin\u011b. Podle m\u00edsta, kde byli spole\u010dn\u011b s&nbsp;maskou poh\u0159beni dosp\u011bl\u00ed i d\u011bti, se p\u0159edm\u011bt \u200b\u200bdatuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do roku 1000 p\u0159. n.l., jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u011bdci ve studii o tomto n\u00e1lezu. Otvory v&nbsp;n\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed polohu o\u010d\u00ed, nosu a \u00fastn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti masky, s&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edmi mal\u00fdmi kruhov\u00fdmi otvory v&nbsp;bl\u00edzkosti okraj\u016f, kudy mohl b\u00fdt prostr\u010den provaz, aby se maska zajistila na obli\u010deji lid\u00ed nebo soch.<br><br>D\u016fl na m\u011bd\u011bnou rudu byl nalezen asi 70 kilometr\u016f od m\u00edsta, kde byla maska objevena, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee byla z\u0159ejm\u011b vyrobena pobl\u00ed\u017e tohoto m\u00edsta. Je proto velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee v&nbsp;Argentin\u011b se objevilo kovod\u011bln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v&nbsp;Peru teprve vyv\u00edjelo, jak tvrd\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci.<br>Podle studie, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v&nbsp;\u00fanoru 2008 v&nbsp;\u010dasopise <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em>, se v&nbsp;ji\u017en\u00edm Peru objevily zlat\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, s&nbsp;odhadovan\u00fdm st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4&nbsp;000 let. Bronzov\u00e9 artefakty, datovan\u00e9 kolem roku 1000 p\u0159. n.l. byly u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve nalezeny v&nbsp;peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch, a\u010dkoli je pro odborn\u00edky t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, zda objekty poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z&nbsp;m\u00edsta, kde byly nalezeny, nebo zda se sem dostaly d\u00edky obchodn\u00edm styk\u016fm, uvedli badatel\u00e9 v&nbsp;roce 2007. I p\u0159esto v\u0161echno se m\u00e1 st\u00e1le za to, \u017ee kovy se zpracov\u00e1valy jen v&nbsp;Peru.<br><br>V hrobce bylo tak\u00e9 nalezeno mno\u017estv\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch kost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 ze 14 t\u011bl. Maska byla \u200b\u200bum\u00edst\u011bna v&nbsp;rohu, na vrcholu hromady kost\u00ed. Druh\u00e9 poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b nedaleko obsahovalo jen kosti jednoho d\u00edt\u011bte, star\u00e9ho p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8 a\u017e 12 let, jen\u017e zde bylo poh\u0159beno zhruba p\u0159ed 3000 lety. V&nbsp;hrobu byly kamenn\u00e9 kor\u00e1le a n\u011bco, co vypad\u00e1 jako m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edv\u011b\u0161ek s&nbsp;vyvrtanou malou d\u00edrou uprost\u0159ed. Samotn\u00e1 maska m\u011b\u0159\u00ed asi 18 centimetr\u016f a \u0161irok\u00e1 je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 15 centimetr\u016f. Ne\u010distoty v&nbsp;m\u011bdi jsou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1% &#8230;<br>St\u00e1\u0159\u00ed t\u011bchto kovov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f &#8211; zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b masky, vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 tak, aby z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednala lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159 &#8211; siln\u011b nazna\u010duje, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v&nbsp;argentinsk\u00fdch regionech And tvarovali m\u011b\u010f na artefakty d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e se p\u016fvodn\u011b myslelo, uvedli auto\u0159i studie.<br><br><em>&#8220;Doklad o taven\u00ed a \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi (postup pomal\u00e9ho ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby byl kov pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed) ukazuje na to, \u017ee severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed argentinsk\u00e9 \u00fadol\u00ed a severn\u00ed Chile pat\u0159ila k&nbsp;nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm st\u0159edisk\u016fm v\u00fdroby m\u011bdi. Tyto nov\u00e9 poznatky jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny, kdo se sna\u017e\u00ed pochopit vznik andsk\u00e9 metalurgie,&#8221;<\/em> napsali v\u011bdci.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poznatky, kter\u00e9 byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny 5.&nbsp;\u010dervna v&nbsp;\u010dasopise <em>Antiquity<\/em>, byly p\u016fvodn\u011b publikov\u00e1ny v&nbsp;roce 2010 v&nbsp;\u010dasopise <em>Bolet\u00edn del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino<\/em>. [1],[2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdroje:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] Cort\u00e9s, L., Scattolin, M.: Ancient metalworking in South America: a 3000-year-old copper mask from the Argentinian Andes. cambridge.org. 05.06.2017. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/ancient-metalworking-in-south-america-a-3000yearold-copper-mask-from-the-argentinian-andes\/80E3CFE81BC10CFFA5602230A16B40DF\">https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/ancient-metalworking-in-south-america-a-3000yearold-copper-mask-from-the-argentinian-andes\/80E3CFE81BC10CFFA5602230A16B40DF<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] Cort\u00e9s, L., Scattolin, M. a kol.: Una m\u00e1scara de cobre de tres mil a\u00f1os. Estudios arqueometal\u00fargicos y comparaciones regionales. BOLET\u00cdN DEL MUSEO CHILENO DE ARTE PRECOLOMBINO Vol. 15, N\u00b0 1, 2010, pp. 25-46, Santiago de Chile. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/scielo.conicyt.cl\/scielo.php?pid=S0718-68942010000100003&amp;script=sci_arttext\">https:\/\/scielo.conicyt.cl\/scielo.php?pid=S0718-68942010000100003&amp;script=sci_arttext<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] Weisberger, M.: This Mask Is Among the Oldest Human-Made Metal Objects in South America. 06.06.2017. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/59373-copper-mask-is-oldest-metalworking-south-america.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/59373-copper-mask-is-oldest-metalworking-south-america.html<\/a> <br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jeden z&nbsp;nejstar\u0161\u00edch kovov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f byl nalezen v&nbsp;argentinsk\u00fdch ji\u017en\u00edch And\u00e1ch. Jedn\u00e1 se o starov\u011bkou obd\u00e9ln\u00edkovou m\u011bd\u011bnou masku, jej\u00ed\u017e st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je odhadov\u00e1no<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,45,5],"class_list":["post-2595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-argentina","tag-jizni-amerika"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2595"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2596,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2595\/revisions\/2596"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}