{"id":3305,"date":"2020-05-16T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-15T22:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=3305"},"modified":"2020-05-18T09:09:51","modified_gmt":"2020-05-18T07:09:51","slug":"tajemne-ritualy-v-mayskych-jeskynich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2020\/05\/16\/tajemne-ritualy-v-mayskych-jeskynich\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly v&nbsp;maysk\u00fdch jeskyn\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:17px\"><b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Uvnit\u0159 ob\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b ji\u017e tis\u00edce let pr\u0161\u00ed. Voda ze \u0161pi\u010dek stalaktit\u016f pomalu kape a st\u00e9k\u00e1 do \u0159eky, prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed jeskyn\u00ed. P\u0159i postupu hloub\u011bji do jeskyn\u011b je voda hlubok\u00e1 160 cm a hladina dosahuje a\u017e k&nbsp;samotn\u00e9mu \u00fast\u00ed. V&nbsp;obrovsk\u00e9m prostoru jsou sv\u011btlomety, podobn\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1m ve tm\u011b. Pod vodou drobn\u00e1 ryba ob\u010das zkus\u00ed zakousnout se do va\u0161\u00ed nohy. Jeskyn\u011b Actun Tunichil Muknal je dnes v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a archeologick\u00e9 rezervaci a byla pln\u00e1 nejen r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, ale i lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover has-background-dim\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy3_ex.jpg)\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:21px\" class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Jeskyn\u011b <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:21px\" class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Actun Tunichil Muknal<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mayov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jeskyn\u011b, zejm\u00e9na ty, kter\u00e9 vedou hluboko do podzem\u00ed, jsou vstupem do Shibalby, podsv\u011bt\u00ed se zl\u00fdmi bohy. Proto ve strachu z&nbsp;nich se je Mayov\u00e9 pokou\u0161eli uklidnit a naklonit si je r\u016fzn\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u011bt\u0161inu Belize, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Americe, zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed hory s&nbsp;jezery a lagunami. Na jihu zem\u011b jsou poho\u0159\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 tam nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 osady. Jeskyn\u011b Actun Tunichil Muknal v\u0161ak nen\u00ed n\u011bkde daleko v&nbsp;\u00fatrob\u00e1ch hor, ale nedaleko m\u011bsta San Ignacio. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b a\u017e do osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed o n\u00ed lid\u00e9 nem\u011bli ani tu\u0161en\u00ed&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Jeskyn\u011b<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy4_ex-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy4_ex-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy4_ex-1-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption>Prohl\u00eddka jeskyn\u011b je sama o sob\u011b velk\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem. Zdroj: internet.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asi 300&nbsp;m v&nbsp;jeskyni postupujete po kluzk\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmse a\u017e vejdete do velk\u00e9ho prostoru. Na zemi jsou stovky starov\u011bk\u00fdch oran\u017eov\u00fdch a \u010dern\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch v\u00e1zi\u010dek, velikosti tenisov\u00fdch m\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. Mezi nimi jsou rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 mal\u00e9 obsidi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kamenn\u00e9 figurky a pyritov\u00e1 zrcadla. Kdy\u017e vystoup\u00e1te po schodech do mal\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, skryt\u00e9 vysoko nad dnem jeskyn\u011b, sv\u011btlo osv\u011btl\u00ed lidskou kostru, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na z\u00e1dech, s&nbsp;otev\u0159en\u00fdmi \u00fasty, \u017eebra pokryt\u00e1 kalcitem. Jsou to poz\u016fstatky asi dvacetilet\u00e9 \u017eeny, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Krystalov\u00e1 d\u00edvka. Byla ob\u011btov\u00e1na starov\u011bk\u00fdm maysk\u00fdm kn\u011bzem jako sou\u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho ritu\u00e1lu p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 lety.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"341\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy2_ex.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy2_ex.jpg 341w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy2_ex-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><figcaption>Poz\u016fstatky asi dvacetilet\u00e9 \u017eeny, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Krystalov\u00e1 d\u00edvka. Zdroj: internet.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Tajemstv\u00ed jeskyn\u00ed<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Za posledn\u00edch 50 let bylo ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Americe objeveno mnoho ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b, jako je Actun Tunichil Muknal nebo K\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e1 hrobka, obsahuj\u00ed zbytky lid\u00ed nebo zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako\u017e i keramick\u00e9 hrnce, hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, \u0161perky, drobn\u00e9 sochy a kosti rejnoka, kter\u00e9 byly pou\u017eity pro krvav\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly. Jin\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed tajemn\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 struktury: olt\u00e1\u0159e, s\u00e1drov\u00e9 platformy, chodn\u00edky a pomn\u00edky.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> V&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch jeskyn\u00edch je ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00edstnost osazena t\u011bmito strukturami \u2013 co\u017e je p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed v&nbsp;absolutn\u00ed tm\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pro\u010d si Mayov\u00e9 volili temn\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy1_ex.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy1_ex.jpg 700w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jeskyne_ritualy1_ex-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption>Keramick\u00e9 hrnce, kter\u00e9 byly pou\u017eity pro krvav\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly star\u00fdch May\u016f. Zdroj: internet.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny ob\u011bti se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v&nbsp;\u201ctemn\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b\u201c jeskyn\u00ed, daleko za \u201cz\u00f3nou soumraku\u201c (\u010d\u00e1sti jeskyn\u00ed, osv\u011btlen\u00fdch rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm sv\u011btlem). Pro\u010d Mayov\u00e9 sestupovali do t\u011bchto hlubok\u00fdch prostor\u016f? V&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se jejich ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed prostory nach\u00e1zely a\u017e po n\u011bkolika kilometrech cesty, nebo po pr\u016fchodu podzemn\u00ed \u0159ekou, nebo po strm\u00fdch \u00fatesech, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sestupovali do st\u00edsn\u011bn\u00fdch chodeb a tak archeologov\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup do n\u011bkter\u00fdch t\u011bchto m\u00edst pouze po lanech.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00edstn\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed jeskynn\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1hady t\u011bchto tajemn\u00fdch podzemn\u00edch artefakt\u016f. Tr\u00e1v\u00ed ji\u017e n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed proch\u00e1zen\u00edm jeskyn\u00ed, lezen\u00edm po hor\u00e1ch a hled\u00e1n\u00edm odpov\u011bdi na jednu ot\u00e1zku: co p\u0159im\u011blo Maye nab\u00edzet ob\u011bti boh\u016fm na tak temn\u00fdch a odlehl\u00fdch m\u00edstech? Byla to snaha nab\u00eddnout boh\u016fm ty nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tajemn\u00e9 scen\u00e9rie? Nebo m\u011bla samotn\u00e1 cesta ke svatyn\u00edm symbolizovat obt\u00ed\u017enost pozemsk\u00e9 pouti? A nebo to bylo cel\u00e9 jinak a my jen t\u00e1peme v&nbsp;nev\u011bdom\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj: archiv autora<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uvnit\u0159 ob\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b ji\u017e tis\u00edce let pr\u0161\u00ed. Voda ze \u0161pi\u010dek stalaktit\u016f pomalu kape a st\u00e9k\u00e1 do \u0159eky, prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed jeskyn\u00ed. P\u0159i postupu hloub\u011bji do jeskyn\u011b je voda hlubok\u00e1 160 cm a hladina dosahuje a\u017e k&nbsp;samotn\u00e9mu \u00fast\u00ed. V&nbsp;obrovsk\u00e9m prostoru jsou sv\u011btlomety, podobn\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u00e1m ve tm\u011b. Pod vodou drobn\u00e1 ryba ob\u010das zkus\u00ed zakousnout se do va\u0161\u00ed nohy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[171,172,5,60,43],"class_list":["post-3305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahady","tag-belize","tag-jeskyne","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-mayove","tag-zahady"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3305"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3318,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3305\/revisions\/3318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}