{"id":3480,"date":"2020-10-24T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T22:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=3480"},"modified":"2020-10-22T12:41:42","modified_gmt":"2020-10-22T10:41:42","slug":"co-bylo-inkum-drazsi-nez-zlato","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2020\/10\/24\/co-bylo-inkum-drazsi-nez-zlato\/","title":{"rendered":"Produkty, kter\u00fdch si Inkov\u00e9 cenili v\u00edce ne\u017e zlata"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o historii Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee Inck\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla patrn\u011b nejrozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kulturou v p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00e9 Americe. Inkov\u00e9 dominovali v peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch nejm\u00e9n\u011b 100 let, a\u017e do v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 invaze v roce 1572. P\u0159esto\u017ee z hlediska \u010dasu vl\u00e1dli pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tce, zanechali po sob\u011b stopy po vysoce rozvinut\u00e9 civilizaci, kter\u00e9 lze obdivovat dodnes.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jist\u011b, nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pam\u00e1tkou a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm l\u00e1kadlem je pro turisty z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta skaln\u00ed citadela – m\u011bsto Machu Picchu, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce asi 2 450 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em. V\u011bdci u\u017e se cel\u00e9 roky sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak se t\u00e9to spole\u010dnosti poda\u0159ilo vybudovat funk\u010dn\u00ed m\u011bsto v tak slo\u017eit\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch u\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 lety.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inkov\u00e9 si necenili tolik zlata, st\u0159\u00edbra a drah\u00fdch kamen\u016f jako tkanin, kter\u00e9 pro civilizaci Ink\u016f byly jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f v\u00fdroby. Tyto tkaniny byly v hor\u00e1ch vyr\u00e1b\u011bny z vlny. Ke tkan\u00ed barevn\u00fdch nit\u00ed Inkov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali tkalcovsk\u00e9 stavy a sp\u0159\u00e1dac\u00ed stroje. Nejm\u011bk\u010d\u00ed tuniky z vlny Vicugna (Vicugna vicugna) m\u011bl pr\u00e1vo nosit pouze vl\u00e1dce, oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 nosili pouze tuniky, tkan\u00e9 z vlny lamy.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdroba vlny a tkan\u00ed byla nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost \u017een, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v And\u00e1ch. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed stroje se st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dodnes, a to nejen zde, ale i na b\u0159ehu jezera Titicaca. Textiln\u00ed v\u00fdroba v Peru poch\u00e1z\u00ed od Ink\u016f, ale tuto technologii p\u0159evzali z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch kultur, a pouze ji vylep\u0161ili.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee uprost\u0159ed jezera Titicaca se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ostrov Taquile (Isla de Taquile), kde se tkan\u00edm l\u00e1tek zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed i mu\u017ei. To je jasn\u011b vid\u011bt na jejich tradi\u010dn\u00edch kroj\u00edch. Mu\u017ei zde nos\u00ed barevn\u00e9 klobouky, svobodn\u00ed nos\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 klobouky a \u017eenat\u00ed \u010dernob\u00edl\u00fd klobouk. Tento ostrov, ale i m\u00edstn\u00ed tkan\u00ed je zaps\u00e1no do Seznamu kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Listy koky byly pou\u017eity k potla\u010den\u00ed nesnesiteln\u00e9ho pocitu hladu, k boji s \u00fanavou a jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, jak si pomoci vyrovnat se s v\u00fd\u0161kovou nemoc\u00ed. Koka se st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako anestetikum k \u00falev\u011b od bolesti hlavy, revmatick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvat\u016f a hojen\u00ed ran a v\u0159ed\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e byly k dispozici siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anestetika, byla koka pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na tak\u00e9 p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b zlomenin kost\u00ed, b\u011bhem porodu a dokonce i p\u0159i kraniotomii (otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed lebek). Koka byla natolik obl\u00edben\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00edmi obyvateli, \u017ee v obchodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch j\u00ed d\u00e1vali p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed zlatem, st\u0159\u00edbrem a jak\u00fdmkoli dal\u0161\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Listy koky. Zdroj: Internet.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dodnes je koka i d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 kosmologie andsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f v Peru, Bol\u00edvii, Ekv\u00e1doru, Kolumbii, severn\u00ed Argentin\u011b a Chile. V And\u00e1ch vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed \u010daj z list\u016f koky a vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed granule, kter\u00e9 jsou sm\u011bs\u00ed ovsa s hn\u011bd\u00fdm cukrem, rozinkami, kokosem a o\u0159echy, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b k dispozici ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b obchod\u016f a supermarket\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee d\u00edky tomu se domorodc\u016fm da\u0159ilo tvrd\u011b pracovat i ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch 3 – 4 000 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em. V dob\u00e1ch Ink\u016f, stejn\u011b jako dnes, se v\u011bt\u0161ina z m\u00edstn\u00edch lid\u00ed v takov\u00fdch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch zab\u00fdvala zem\u011bd\u011blskou prac\u00ed, a na podzim se na kultivaci p\u016fdy pod\u00edlel i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dce.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edho kroje v peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch je st\u00e1le s\u00e1\u010dek z list\u016f koky: pokud by neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 koka, nebylo by Peru.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o historii Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee Inck\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla patrn\u011b nejrozvinut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kulturou v p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00e9 Americe. Inkov\u00e9 dominovali v peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch nejm\u00e9n\u011b 100 let, a\u017e do v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 invaze v roce 1572. P\u0159esto\u017ee z hlediska \u010dasu vl\u00e1dli pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tce, zanechali po sob\u011b stopy po vysoce rozvinut\u00e9 civilizaci, kter\u00e9 lze obdivovat dodnes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[13,5,4,16,189],"class_list":["post-3480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-inkove","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru","tag-tahuantinsuyo","tag-zlato"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3480"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3487,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3480\/revisions\/3487"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}