{"id":363,"date":"2020-08-22T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-21T22:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=363"},"modified":"2020-07-30T15:27:54","modified_gmt":"2020-07-30T13:27:54","slug":"mexiko-podivuhodne-ritualy-smrti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2020\/08\/22\/mexiko-podivuhodne-ritualy-smrti\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexiko: Podivuhodn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly smrti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">V\u0161eobecn\u011b je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee Mexiko, vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 historii, m\u00e1 ke krvi a smrti specifick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Dominantou st\u0159edoamerick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u011b Azt\u00e9k\u016f byly lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti, ve kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 na Zemi nedos\u00e1hli tak vysokou m\u00edru specializace a vyt\u0159\u00edben\u00e9ho vkusu. Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 m\u011bli velmi zda\u0159ile propracovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m vlastn\u00ed kosmologie, kdy sv\u011bt rozd\u011blovali do n\u011bkolika v\u011bk\u016f nebo chceme-li cykl\u016f Slunce. [1]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 sami sebe um\u00edstili do P\u00e1t\u00e9ho v\u011bku, zvan\u00e9ho &#8220;slune\u010dn\u00ed hnut\u00ed&#8221;, ve kter\u00e9m byli stvo\u0159eni lid\u00e9 a kuku\u0159ice. Mysleli si, \u017ee na nich z\u00e1vis\u00ed existence vesm\u00edru, proto\u017ee v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se Slunce nebude ni\u010d\u00edm \u017eivit, nebude m\u00edt s\u00edlu a nez\u016fstane na\u017eivu, co\u017e by m\u011blo fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky i pro n\u011b. Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo smrti Slunce, bylo nutn\u00e9 neust\u00e1le p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti (n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed bohov\u00e9 vy\u017eadovali panny, mal\u00e9 d\u011bti a nebo mu\u017ee), tedy tzv. krevn\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 boh\u016fm, proto\u017ee Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee ta jim d\u00e1 pot\u0159ebnou \u017eivotn\u00ed energii. [2]<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Pokud jste vid\u011bli film \u201cApocalypto\u201d [3], z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o jejich spole\u010dnosti m\u00edt budete. I kdy\u017e ve filmu je bohu\u017eel m\u00edch\u00e1no n\u011bkolik epoch dohromady, a stal se proto ter\u010dem kritiky odborn\u00edk\u016f, d\u00e1 se z&nbsp;n\u011bj vy\u010d\u00edst z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linie fungov\u00e1n\u00ed azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_380\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-380\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-380\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/aztecas_1-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9\" width=\"500\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/aztecas_1-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/aztecas_1-768x497.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/aztecas_1-1024x663.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/aztecas_1.jpg 1154w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-380\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Z jejich doby je zn\u00e1ma cel\u00e1 \u0159ada ritu\u00e1l\u016f. Uvedu jen ty nejpikantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jeden, zn\u00e1m\u00fd pouze pod n\u00e1zvem &#8220;sta\u017een\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee&#8221;, v\u00e1m jist\u011b napov\u00ed, \u010deho se t\u00fdkal. Byl zasv\u011bcen bohu Xipe Totec. [4] V\u011bze\u0148, kter\u00e9mu byla ud\u011blena tato \u010dest, byl p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1n ke sk\u00e1le a vybaven tupou zbran\u00ed. M\u011bl se br\u00e1nit p\u0159esile \u010dty\u0159 Orl\u016f a Jagu\u00e1r\u016f (podle mytologie Azt\u00e9k\u016f), kte\u0159\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u011bli ostr\u00e9 zbran\u011b, tak\u017ee o v\u00fdsledku bitvy nikdy nebylo pochyb. Po zabit\u00ed v\u011bzn\u011b kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed otev\u0159eli jeho t\u011blo a sn\u011bdli ho. Kn\u011bz odnesl misku s&nbsp;krv\u00ed ob\u011bti do v\u0161ech chr\u00e1m\u016f, aby mohl vymalovat \u00fasta jejich idol\u016f. Pozd\u011bji m\u011bl ve zvyku nosit k\u016f\u017ei mrtv\u00e9ho dvacet dn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco hnila. A kone\u010dn\u011b, ritu\u00e1ln\u011b odhodil k\u016f\u017ei do jeskyn\u011b pobl\u00ed\u017e chr\u00e1mu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se ofici\u00e1ln\u011b o\u010distil. Mezi ritu\u00e1ly uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estev pat\u0159ila tak\u00e9 ob\u011b\u0165 krve. Tuto formu ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed podstupovali p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mu\u017ei z&nbsp;vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch kruh\u016f a elity. Toto \u201cpou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eilou\u201d se nej\u010dast\u011bji prov\u00e1d\u011blo protr\u017een\u00edm nebo n\u00e1\u0159ezem jazyka, u\u0161\u00ed, nosu nebo dokonce p\u0159edko\u017eky penisu. Otvorem se provl\u00e9kl provaz, po kter\u00e9m st\u00e9kala krev. [5]<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Kdy\u017e do Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e dorazili prvn\u00ed Evropan\u00e9, za\u010dali tyto ritu\u00e1ly mohutn\u011b pot\u00edrat, proto\u017ee byli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee ritu\u00e1ly uct\u00edvaj\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho \u010f\u00e1bla. V&nbsp;prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi museli \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed mision\u00e1\u0159i nal\u00e9zt a vyu\u017e\u00edt shodn\u00e9 prvky obou kultur k&nbsp;z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Indi\u00e1n\u016f pro k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru. Postupn\u011b se tak za\u010dalo m\u011bnit postaven\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch skupin a elit. Ti azt\u00e9\u010dt\u00ed \u0161lechtici, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u010das p\u0159idali na stranu \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f, byli odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ni p\u016fdou a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdmi poctami. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed elita &#8211; azt\u00e9\u010dt\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed &#8211; byli pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni, ve\u0159ejn\u011b poni\u017eov\u00e1ni a vra\u017ed\u011bni. [6].<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> \u010casto se \u0160pan\u011bl\u016fm poda\u0159ilo osvobodit i n\u011bkter\u00e9 budouc\u00ed ob\u011bti, jen\u017ee ti je v\u0161ak prosili o to, aby mohli b\u00fdt ob\u011btov\u00e1ni. Smrt pro n\u011b byla povinnost\u00ed [7] a rozhodn\u011b z&nbsp;n\u00ed nem\u011bli strach. Je tak\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee sta\u0159\u00ed Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 neznali term\u00edn \u201cpeklo\u201d. Tento term\u00edn p\u0159inesli do zem\u011b a\u017e prvn\u00ed mision\u00e1\u0159i ve snaze obr\u00e1tit p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatele na k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Smrt pro domorodce v\u017edy m\u011bla hlub\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam ne\u017e pro Star\u00fd sv\u011bt.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Jak to funguje v&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00edm modern\u00edm Mexiku? Mexiko je dal\u0161\u00ed ze zem\u00ed Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky, kter\u00e1 si zachovalo celou \u0159adu kulturn\u00edch tradic (i kdy\u017e t\u0159eba v&nbsp;pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 form\u011b) ji\u017e od dob p\u016fvodn\u00edch kultur, kter\u00e9 se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v&nbsp;jejich folkl\u00f3ru, \u0159emeslech, hudb\u011b a tanci, malov\u00e1n\u00ed, gastronomii a r\u016fzn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech, jako je Den mrtv\u00fdch (D\u00eda de Muertos) [8], kter\u00fd se slav\u00ed v&nbsp;listopadu podobn\u011b jako na\u0161e Du\u0161i\u010dky. V\u011bt\u0161ina z&nbsp;n\u00e1s bude zn\u00e1t mexick\u00fd Sv\u00e1tek mrtv\u00fdch, minim\u00e1ln\u011b z&nbsp;\u00favodu \u201cbondovky\u201d Spectre, [9] kde je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt, jak takov\u00fd sv\u00e1tek prob\u00edh\u00e1 a jak se v&nbsp;Mexiku slav\u00ed. Bujar\u00e9 vesel\u00ed v&nbsp;ulic\u00edch m\u011bsta, pit\u00ed a tanec. Tedy nic smutn\u00e9ho. Dnes, i po tolika letech je v&nbsp;jejich kultu\u0159e smrt oslavov\u00e1na. Dokonce u\u017e od mala jsou d\u011bti vychov\u00e1v\u00e1ny tak, aby smrt pro n\u011b byla kamar\u00e1dkou, aby ji nepova\u017eovaly za kone\u010dn\u00fd bod v\u0161eho byt\u00ed. Aby strach byl potla\u010den, a smrt byla n\u011b\u010d\u00edm b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm, viz. n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed video. [10]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_31789\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XlRzfL1BGbI?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Kult Svat\u00e9 smrti (La Santa Muerte)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Modern\u00ed Mexiko m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jeden fenom\u00e9n. Jmenuje se kult Santa Muerte a je v&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm. V\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edvaj\u00ed kostru oble\u010denou do tuniky podobn\u011b jako Svat\u00e1 Panna, ke kter\u00e9 se lid\u00e9 modl\u00ed s&nbsp;r\u016f\u017eencem v&nbsp;ruce a zapaluj\u00ed j\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dky. Tyto obr\u00e1zky jsou dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-363 gallery-columns-5 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/000_mvd6745341__xxxl.jpg' title=\"000_mvd6745341__xxxl\" data-rl_title=\"000_mvd6745341__xxxl\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/000_mvd6745341__xxxl-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/1305916b834c9ed_2.jpg' title=\"1305916b834c9ed_2\" data-rl_title=\"1305916b834c9ed_2\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/1305916b834c9ed_2-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/48211377.jpg' title=\"48211377\" data-rl_title=\"48211377\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/48211377-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/1446498639297.cached.jpg' title=\"1446498639297.cached\" data-rl_title=\"1446498639297.cached\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/1446498639297.cached-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/covs-1.jpg' title=\"covs-1\" data-rl_title=\"covs-1\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/covs-1-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/los-15-anos-de-la-santa-muerte-de-tepito-body-image-1478017955.jpg' title=\"los-15-anos-de-la-santa-muerte-de-tepito-body-image-1478017955\" data-rl_title=\"los-15-anos-de-la-santa-muerte-de-tepito-body-image-1478017955\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/los-15-anos-de-la-santa-muerte-de-tepito-body-image-1478017955-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Santa.jpg' title=\"Santa\" data-rl_title=\"Santa\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Santa-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/santeria-de-la-santa-muerte-fondo.jpg' title=\"santeria-de-la-santa-muerte-fondo\" data-rl_title=\"santeria-de-la-santa-muerte-fondo\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/santeria-de-la-santa-muerte-fondo-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Enriqueta Romero<\/strong>, jedna ze zasv\u011bcen\u00fdch kultu Svat\u00e9 smrti, vysv\u011btluje: &#8220;Jsou n\u00e1s tis\u00edce a budu velmi up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1, kdy\u017e \u0159eknu, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo sem p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed, m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 sv\u016fj mal\u00fd olt\u00e1\u0159 doma, ale p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed sem, proto\u017ee Ji cht\u011bj\u00ed vid\u011bt tady\u201d. [11] Enriqueta m\u00e1 v\u00edce jak 50 let a kult Santa Muerte uct\u00edv\u00e1 ji\u017e 17 let. Jej\u00ed olt\u00e1\u0159 je nejnav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v&nbsp;zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Andrew Chesnut<\/strong>, badatel na Virginsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b [12], odhaduje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f kultu je v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b n\u011bco mezi 10 a 12 miliony, v\u010detn\u011b Mexika, St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. V\u0161ak v\u00edce jak 80% je jich v&nbsp;Mexiku. [13] Kult je velmi siln\u00fd v&nbsp;chudinsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech zem\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v&nbsp;t\u011b\u017eko zvladateln\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch (slumech), jako je Tepito v&nbsp;Mexiko City.Tak\u00e9 ve v\u011bznic\u00edch a mezi zlo\u010dineck\u00fdmi skupinami m\u00e1 toto n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch. &#8220;Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by rostlo rychleji ne\u017e Santa Muerte&#8221;, [14] zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Chesnut.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Naproti tomu otec Jos\u00e9 Aguilar [15], zn\u00e1m\u00fd hlas arcidiec\u00e9ze v&nbsp;Mexiku vyvrac\u00ed, \u017ee by Santa Muerte m\u011bla mili\u00f3ny n\u00e1sledovn\u00edk\u016f. \u201cVe skute\u010dnosti po\u010det n\u00e1sledovn\u00edk\u016f kultu nenarostl. Je to le\u017e tohoto kultu, t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed ho uct\u00edvaj\u00ed. Vymysleli modlu, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje zab\u00edjen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje kr\u00e1st, t\u011bmto zlo\u010dinc\u016fm, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd svat\u00fd jim ned\u00e1 takov\u00e9 povolen\u00ed. Vynalezli kostru, kter\u00e1 je \u00fadajn\u011b ochra\u0148uje, aby jim nikdo neubl\u00ed\u017eil, nikdo je nazabil.\u201d Santa Muerte je pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 jako sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00e9 \u201cpovolen\u00ed\u201d k&nbsp;p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">V roce 2012 <strong>David Romo<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se naz\u00fdval biskupem kultu, byl odsouzen k&nbsp;66 let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed za loupe\u017e, \u00fanos a vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. [16]<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Kult Santa Muerte byl tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit k&nbsp;lidsk\u00fdm ob\u011btem, jako se tomu stalo ve m\u011bst\u011b Nacozari de Garc\u00eda, regionu Sonora, v&nbsp;roce 2012. Andrew Chesnut k&nbsp;tomu napsal, \u017ee &#8220;velmi chud\u00e1 rodina ob\u011btovala rodinu ze sousedstv\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b kultu Santa Muerte. V\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee svat\u00e1 smrt je obdaruje zlatem a hojnost\u00ed, v\u00fdm\u011bnou za krev sv\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed.&#8221; [17] Rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci byli obvin\u011bni ze zabit\u00ed dvou dosp\u011bl\u00fdch a d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> I kdy\u017e stoupenci kultu trvaj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee jsou dob\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9, pape\u017e Franti\u0161ek b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy v&nbsp;Mexiku odm\u00edtl fotografii Santa Muerte a spojil ji s&nbsp;obchodov\u00e1n\u00edm s&nbsp;drogami:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&#8220;<em>Jsem velmi znepokojen zejm\u00e9na t\u00edm, \u017ee jsou svedeni pr\u00e1zdnou moc\u00ed, vychvaluj\u00ed a veleb\u00ed chim\u00e9ry a obl\u00e9kaj\u00ed morbidn\u00ed symboly, aby sm\u011bnili smrt za pen\u00edze<\/em>&#8220;. [18]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Mo\u017en\u00e1 i d\u00edky takov\u00fdm historick\u00fdm mezn\u00edk\u016fm a r\u016fzn\u00fdm kult\u016fm se v&nbsp;Mexiku da\u0159\u00ed satanismu. V&nbsp;posledn\u00ed dob\u011b byla nalezena dal\u0161\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 t\u011bchto ritu\u00e1l\u016f. <strong>Jessica Valeria Ramirez<\/strong>, mlad\u00e1, teprve patn\u00e1ctilet\u00e1 Mexi\u010danka byla nalezena ve dvo\u0159e rodinn\u00e9ho domu. Vykrv\u00e1cela a m\u011bla zara\u017een\u00fd k\u016fl v&nbsp;prav\u00e9m oku. \u00dadajn\u00ed pachatel\u00e9 jsou t\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed &#8211; dosud neplnolet\u00ed. Mrtvola mlad\u00e9 d\u00edvky byla polonah\u00e1 a se zjevn\u00fdmi zn\u00e1mkami n\u00e1sil\u00ed, ale podle pitvy bez zn\u00e1mek sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle prvn\u00edho\u00a0odhadu byl motiv pachatel\u016f nezn\u00e1m\u00fd, ale s&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhem vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohl b\u00fdt &#8220;satansk\u00fd ritu\u00e1l&#8221; [19], vzhledem ke stop\u00e1m na t\u011ble ob\u011bti. V&nbsp;minul\u00e9m roce byl tak\u00e9 nalezen mrtv\u00fd mlad\u00fd mu\u017e (se stopami \u0161krcen\u00ed a s&nbsp;\u0159ezn\u00fdmi ranami na krku), kter\u00fd byl zavra\u017ed\u011bn b\u011bhem satansk\u00e9ho ritu\u00e1lu, jeho\u017e smyslem bylo chlapce zm\u011bnit v&nbsp;up\u00edra. Tento zlo\u010din m\u011bla na sv\u011bdom\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed satanistick\u00e1 sekta, zvan\u00e1 \u201cD\u011bti Baphometa,\u201d sd\u011blili z\u00e1stupci m\u00edstn\u00ed policie. [20]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Maj\u00ed tedy dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed Mexi\u010dan\u00e9 v&nbsp;genech bizarn\u00ed pohled na smrt? Je v&nbsp;nich snad n\u011bco zvr\u00e1cen\u00e9ho, n\u011bco, co jim z\u016fstalo po p\u0159edc\u00edch? Vzhledem k&nbsp;velk\u00e9 pov\u011br\u010divosti t\u011bchto lid\u00ed, maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy \u201cn\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed\u201d, kulty a sekty v&nbsp;t\u011bchto zem\u00edch velkou nad\u011bji na \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[1] Los sacrificios humanos de los Aztecas historia pestes y tragedias. Historia y Biograf\u00edas, Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/historiaybiografias.com\/malas000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/historiaybiografias.com\/malas000\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [2] Los sacrificios humanos de los Aztecas historia pestes y tragedias. Historia y Biograf\u00edas, Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/historiaybiografias.com\/malas000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/historiaybiografias.com\/malas000\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [3] USA, 2006, \u010cSFD. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.csfd.cz\/film\/221334-apocalypto\/prehled\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.csfd.cz\/film\/221334-apocalypto\/prehled\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [4] Los sacrificios humanos de los Aztecas historia pestes y tragedias. Historia y Biograf\u00edas, Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/historiaybiografias.com\/malas000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/historiaybiografias.com\/malas000\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [5] KOSTI\u010cOV\u00c1, Zuzana Marie, K\u0158\u00cd\u017dOV\u00c1, Mark\u00e9ta, KV\u011aTINOV\u00c1, Sylvie, Krvav\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly St\u0159edn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, s. l. 2011, s. 52.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [6] VAILLANT, Georgie, Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9: p\u016fvod, vzestup a p\u00e1d n\u00e1roda Azt\u00e9k\u016f, Praha 1974.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [7] CALLERY, Sean, Azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, Praha 2011<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [8] Den Mrtv\u00fdch. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Den_mrtv%C3%BDch_(sv%C3%A1tek)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Den_mrtv%C3%BDch_(sv%C3%A1tek) <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [9] GB\/USA, 2006, \u010cSFD. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.csfd.cz\/film\/328151-spectre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.csfd.cz\/film\/328151-spectre <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [10] Jose Petronilo Gonzalez Sinecio: D\u00eda de los Muertos. Cortometraje Animado. Tambi\u00e9n mira a Yuya. YouTube, 4.&nbsp;11.&nbsp;2013, Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XlRzfL1BGbI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XlRzfL1BGbI<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [11] La Santa Muerte tiene 12 millones de devotos; 80% est\u00e1n en M\u00e9xico. Tabasco Hoy. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [12] R. Andrew Chesnut, Ph.D. VCU. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/worldstudies.vcu.edu\/academics\/religious-studies\/catholic-studies\/andrew-chesnut-research-activities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/worldstudies.vcu.edu\/academics\/religious-studies\/catholic-studies\/andrew-chesnut-research-activities\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [13] Devoted to Death: Santa Muerte, the Skeleton Saint, Andrew Chesnut, 2012. ISBN: 0199764654 (ISBN13: 9780199764655)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [14] La Santa Muerte tiene 12 millones de devotos; 80% est\u00e1n en M\u00e9xico. Tabasco Hoy. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [15] Padre Jos\u00e9 de Jes\u00fas Aguilar Vald\u00e9s, Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.padrejose.mx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.padrejose.mx<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [16] La Santa Muerte tiene 12 millones de devotos; 80% est\u00e1n en M\u00e9xico. Tabasco Hoy. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [17] La Santa Muerte tiene 12 millones de devotos; 80% est\u00e1n en M\u00e9xico. Tabasco Hoy. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [18] La Santa Muerte tiene 12 millones de devotos; 80% est\u00e1n en M\u00e9xico. Tabasco Hoy. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.tabascohoy.com\/nota\/311631\/la-santa-muerte-tiene-12-millones-de-devotos-80-estan-en-mexico<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [19]Los &#8220;rituales sat\u00e1nicos&#8221; en M\u00e9xico dejan una tercera v\u00edctima mortal en menos de un a\u00f1o. RT. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/actualidad.rt.com\/actualidad\/230706-rituales-satanicos-mexico-dejan-tercera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/actualidad.rt.com\/actualidad\/230706-rituales-satanicos-mexico-dejan-tercera <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"> [20] Los &#8220;rituales sat\u00e1nicos&#8221; en M\u00e9xico dejan una tercera v\u00edctima mortal en menos de un a\u00f1o. RT. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/actualidad.rt.com\/actualidad\/230706-rituales-satanicos-mexico-dejan-tercera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/actualidad.rt.com\/actualidad\/230706-rituales-satanicos-mexico-dejan-tercera<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u0161eobecn\u011b je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee Mexiko, vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 historii, m\u00e1 ke krvi a smrti specifick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Dominantou st\u0159edoamerick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":369,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[5,49,50],"class_list":["post-363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-mexiko","tag-ritualy"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=363"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3402,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363\/revisions\/3402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}