{"id":4071,"date":"2022-06-04T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-03T22:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=4071"},"modified":"2022-05-27T22:25:20","modified_gmt":"2022-05-27T20:25:20","slug":"jakou-hruzu-skryva-tato-peruanska-mumie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2022\/06\/04\/jakou-hruzu-skryva-tato-peruanska-mumie\/","title":{"rendered":"Jakou hr\u016fzu skr\u00fdv\u00e1 tato peru\u00e1nsk\u00e1 mumie?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pokud jste je\u0161t\u011b nesly\u0161eli o stra\u0161n\u00fdch mumi\u00edch lidu Chachapoyas, kter\u00fd \u017eil v 15. stolet\u00ed, tak si o nich n\u011bco \u0159ekneme. Jsou pln\u00e9 hr\u016fzy. Jejich polohy jsou nep\u0159irozen\u00e9 a stra\u0161n\u00e9… Pro\u010d?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mumie n\u00e1roda Chachapoya ud\u011blala na norsk\u00e9ho um\u011blce, mal\u00ed\u0159e Edvarda Muncha (1863-1944) opravdu nezapomenuteln\u00fd dojem. Jeden z jeho slavn\u00fdch obraz\u016f \u201eV\u00fdk\u0159ik\u201c z roku 1893 byl inspirov\u00e1n touto mumi\u00ed. Jej\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159 je v\u00fdraz strachu, hr\u016fzy, \u00fazkosti. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee Munch \u017eil v neust\u00e1l\u00fdch obav\u00e1ch a depres\u00edch, a byl i l\u00e9\u010den v psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u011b. Den za dnem maloval k\u0159i\u010d\u00edc\u00ed postavu. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee mumii vid\u011bl na Sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00fdstav\u011b v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei v roce 1889.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mumie lidu Chachapoya d\u011blala na citliv\u00e9 lidi, kter\u00fdmi byli zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b um\u011blci, siln\u00fd dojem. Tak\u00e9 Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) na\u010drtl n\u00e1\u010drt mumie, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 bolest, strach, hr\u016fzu. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee tento um\u011blec byl p\u0159itahov\u00e1n ke v\u0161emu neobvykl\u00e9mu. I Gauguin, jeho\u017e d\u00edlo je pln\u00e9 totem\u016f a idol\u016f, \u017eil v Peru a\u017e do sv\u00fdch sedmi let. Hledal inspiraci v cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017eil v chatr\u010d\u00edch a po Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei netruchlil. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Munch i Gauguin byli zasa\u017eeni hr\u016fzou pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00e9to mumie, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159edstavena v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. Ale jak se mumie dostala na v\u00fdstavu? Mumie se dostala do sb\u00edrek Muzea \u010dlov\u011bka na konci 19. stolet\u00ed, a to d\u00edky “\u010dern\u00e9mu archeologovi”, vykrada\u010di hrob\u016f, a tak nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 o n\u00ed \u0159\u00edci cokoli dal\u0161\u00edho\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dnes v\u0161ak u\u017e v\u00edme v\u00edce. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1rod Chachapoya vytvo\u0159il starov\u011bkou civilizaci, kter\u00e1 existovala v Peru a\u017e do poloviny 15. stolet\u00ed. Kronik\u00e1\u0159 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch dobyvatel\u016f poznamenal, \u017ee vzhled Chachapoyan\u016f je neobvykl\u00fd. M\u011bli kr\u00e1snou ple\u0165, byli nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech Indi\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mu kdy poda\u0159ilo vid\u011bt. \u017deny z Chachapoy byly tak kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, \u017ee si je Inkov\u00e9 brali za man\u017eelky. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chachapoyov\u00e9 m\u011bli pot\u0159ebu co nejl\u00e9pe zachovat t\u011bla sv\u00fdch zem\u0159el\u00fdch. Ale v kraji, kde \u017eili, nebylo sucho, ani jin\u00e9 podm\u00ednky k tomu, aby mumifikovaly jejich t\u011bla. \u017dili v oblasti se siln\u00fdmi de\u0161ti, kter\u00e9 velmi rychle ni\u010dily mrtvou organickou hmotu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Proto sv\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9 um\u00eds\u0165ovali do staveb s velk\u00fdmi zdmi z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho kamene, kam postavili sv\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 desky nebo mauzoleum. Hlavn\u011b skaln\u00ed obydl\u00ed nab\u00eddla p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed de\u0161t\u011bm, a proto\u017ee tam nerostly ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 rostliny, z\u016fstaly zde poz\u016fstatky v suchu. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mumie byly um\u00edst\u011bny na hromad\u011b d\u0159eva, kter\u00e9 je odd\u011blilo od p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mokr\u00e9 zem\u011b. A o um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e9 stavby bylo rozhodnuto s ohledem na proudy vzduchu, aby bylo m\u00edsto v\u017edy v\u011btr\u00e1no a osv\u011b\u017eeno. Vytvo\u0159ila se takov\u00e9 mal\u00e9 mikroklima, trochu vlhk\u00e9 a o n\u011bco chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e okoln\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mumie byly o\u0161et\u0159eny sofistikovan\u00fdmi mumifika\u010dn\u00edmi technikami, kter\u00e9 umo\u017enily zesnul\u00e9mu neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b udr\u017eet vzhled zesnul\u00e9 osoby. Po smrti mrtv\u00e9mu sv\u00e1zali kon\u010detiny, aby p\u0159inutili klouby do pozice plodu, jako by sed\u011bly s hyperreflexn\u00edmi nohama a rukama nad krkem a obli\u010dejem. S k\u016f\u017e\u00ed se zach\u00e1zelo jako se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, dbalo se na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed rysu obli\u010deje a sna\u017eilo se sn\u00ed\u017eit jej\u00ed hmotnost na minimum, aby se snadn\u011bji p\u0159epravovala a um\u00edstila do skaln\u00edho hrobu. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby se z mrtv\u00e9ho zachovalo co nejv\u00edce, byla t\u011bla zabalena do n\u011bkolika vrstev izola\u010dn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b. Kdy\u017e byly tyto pytle otev\u0159eny o stalet\u00ed pozd\u011bji, efekt je opravdu d\u011bsiv\u00fd. Pozice mrtvol vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 dojem, \u017ee se chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co je ohro\u017euje.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e 200 mumi\u00ed, nalezen\u00fdch v muzeu Leymebamba (Amazon – Peru) bylo nalezeno u laguny kondor\u016f. A dodnes je to v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 oblast pro u\u010dence po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chachapoyan\u00e9 \u017eili v hor\u00e1ch, pro kter\u00e9 jim Inkov\u00e9 dali p\u0159ezd\u00edvku “bojovn\u00edci z oblak\u016f”. Jejich prvn\u00ed obydl\u00ed se objevila v des\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, pevnosti Chachapoyan\u016f byly vysoko v hor\u00e1ch, ve v\u00fd\u0161ce a t\u0159i tis\u00edce metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em. Chcete-li se k nim dostat, mus\u00edte j\u00edt po \u00fazk\u00e9 cest\u011b, ohrani\u010den\u00e9 zdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chachapoyans p\u011bstovali ob\u017eivu na pol\u00edch. Necht\u011bli bojovat, ale Inkov\u00e9 se sna\u017eili jejich tradice zni\u010dit. Chachapoya nemohl vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m s Inky klidn\u011b, bylo to prok\u00e1z\u00e1no anal\u00fdzou DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inkov\u00e9 byli schopn\u00ed Chachapoyany p\u0159emoci, a po dobyt\u00ed se k nim chovali krut\u011b. V\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee Inkov\u00e9 sp\u00e1lili civilizaci Chachapoya spolu s lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed tam \u017eili. Zabili zajatce a ob\u011btovali je boh\u016fm. Aby k nim bohov\u00e9 byli shov\u00edvav\u00ed, ob\u011btovali i d\u011bti. P\u0159ed hrozn\u00fdmi ob\u0159ady jim dali alkoholick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje. Zanechali ob\u011bti na mrazu s vyrvan\u00fdmi srdci, nebo je poh\u0159bili za\u017eiva.  <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inkov\u00e9 byli krut\u00ed, a na\u0159\u00eddili Chachapoyan\u016fm nucen\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. Brzy nato v\u0161ak byli sami podrobeni \u0160pan\u011bly\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pokud jste je\u0161t\u011b nesly\u0161eli o stra\u0161n\u00fdch mumi\u00edch lidu Chachapoyas, kter\u00fd \u017eil v 15. stolet\u00ed, tak si o nich n\u011bco \u0159ekneme. Jsou pln\u00e9 hr\u016fzy. Jejich polohy jsou nep\u0159irozen\u00e9 a stra\u0161n\u00e9… Pro\u010d? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4077,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[85,5,4],"class_list":["post-4071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-chachapoyas","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4071"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4078,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4071\/revisions\/4078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}