{"id":4292,"date":"2022-09-09T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T22:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=4292"},"modified":"2022-09-06T11:15:16","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T09:15:16","slug":"%ef%b8%8esocha-kultury-vicus-znama-jako-venuse-chladu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2022\/09\/09\/%ef%b8%8esocha-kultury-vicus-znama-jako-venuse-chladu\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufe0eSocha kultury Vic\u00fas, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u201eVenu\u0161e chladu\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tato postava zobrazuje nahou \u017eenu, jej\u00ed\u017e ruce z\u0159ejm\u011b spo\u010d\u00edvaly na p\u0159edm\u011btu, jeho\u017e byla socha sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. So\u0161ka byla vyrobena z jemn\u00e9ho 24 kar\u00e1tov\u00e9ho zlata a vypad\u00e1 jako platinov\u00fd obklad. Tzv. \u201eVenus de Frias\u201c je socha kultury Frias neboli Vic\u00fas (150. p\u0159. n. l. – 400 n. l.), kterou objevili v roce 1956 vykrada\u010di hrob\u016f (huaqueros) ve m\u011bst\u011b Frias (Ayabaca, Piura). Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed byli zadr\u017eeni p\u0159i prodeji, spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi kousky zlata, kter\u00e9 na\u0161li. \u201eVenus de Frias\u201c (jak ji pojmenovali archeologov\u00e9) symbolizuje plodnost, \u017eivot a regeneraci.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u0161ka je vysok\u00e1 38 cm a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 60 gram\u016f. Zkroucen\u00e9 p\u00e1jen\u00e9 dr\u00e1tky zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 o\u010di. Rysy sochy jsou notoricky \u017eensk\u00e9 i p\u0159es \u0161irok\u00e1 ramena a \u00fazk\u00e9 boky. Pro zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho objemu byla figurka vytvo\u0159ena z r\u016fzn\u00fdch plech\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly podrobeny technice kov\u00e1n\u00ed a odpuzov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby byly nakonec sp\u00e1jeny. Z u\u0161\u00ed j\u00ed vis\u00ed dva krou\u017eky. Podobn\u00e9 byly nalezeny v m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch truhl\u00edc\u00edch jako ozdoby, kter\u00e9 byly nepochybn\u011b ur\u010deny vzne\u0161en\u00fdm bojovn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Venu\u0161e chladu. zdroj: Internet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci kv\u016fli tvarov\u00fdm charakteristik\u00e1m so\u0161ky tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed p\u016fvod by mohl b\u00fdt importov\u00e1n, z kultury Tolita – Tumaco (500 p\u0159. n. l.  – 500 n.l.) v Ekv\u00e1doru. Jin\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 v\u0161ak argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00edstn\u00ed zlatn\u00edci byli takovou kulturou pouze ovlivn\u011bni. T\u0159et\u00ed hypot\u00e9za poukazuje na to, \u017ee ve Friasu byla osada Tolita, kter\u00e1 fungovala jako administrativn\u00ed a slavnostn\u00ed centrum. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b nedaleko m\u00edsta bylo spr\u00e1vn\u00ed s\u00eddlo Vic\u00fas, na stejnojmenn\u00e9 ho\u0159e v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 170 m.n m. zvan\u00e9 \u201eCerro Vic\u00fas\u201c, podle kter\u00e9 byla pojmenov\u00e1na tato z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 kultura, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila jako spojen\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi andsk\u00fdmi m\u011bsty nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi se d\u00e1le na sever. Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee kultura Vicus se rozvinula kolem dne\u0161n\u00ed Piury, na severn\u00edm konci Peru. Tento region slou\u017eil jako kulturn\u00ed hranice mezi oblastmi, kter\u00e9 jsou dnes Ekv\u00e1dorem a Peru.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto jsou v um\u011bn\u00ed Vicus vid\u011bt um\u011bleck\u00e9 rysy z obou kraj\u016f. Po objeven\u00ed t\u00e9to so\u0161ky se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm desetilet\u00ed archeolog\u016fm v oblasti Cerro Vic\u00fas poda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed h\u0159bitov tohoto stylu. Odhaduje se, \u017ee b\u011bhem let, kdy bylo tajn\u011b rabov\u00e1no, bylo znesv\u011bceno v\u00edce ne\u017e 2000 hrob\u016f, jejich\u017e obsah se dohaduje na v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 tis\u00edc exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina z toho \u0161la do soukrom\u00fdch sb\u00edrek v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm do USA.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kultura Vic\u00fas z\u00edskala vlivy i od dal\u0161\u00edch tehdej\u0161\u00edch kultur, jako byla kultura Vir\u00fa a zejm\u00e9na Mochica. Tento vztah byl interpretov\u00e1n jako p\u0159\u00edchod elit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se spojili s elitami kultury Vic\u00fas, ale n\u00e1sledn\u011b se dostali do konfliktu, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo kolaps m\u00edstn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti pot\u00e9, co byli zlikvidov\u00e1ni a tak zmizeli z historie.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teprve pot\u00e9, co byly objeveny neleg\u00e1ln\u011b vyrabovan\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, se mohl sv\u011bt dozv\u011bd\u011bt o existenci t\u00e9to kultury, o n\u00ed\u017e do t\u00e9 doby nikdo nic nev\u011bd\u011bl. Dnes jsou tyto p\u0159edm\u011bty k vid\u011bn\u00ed ve Zlat\u00e9m s\u00e1le M\u011bstsk\u00e9ho muzea kultury Vic\u00fas v Piu\u0159e, kde se uchovaly jak tato so\u0161ka Venu\u0161e chladu, tak v\u0161echny dal\u0161\u00ed objeven\u00e9 poklady.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tato postava zobrazuje nahou \u017eenu, jej\u00ed\u017e ruce z\u0159ejm\u011b spo\u010d\u00edvaly na p\u0159edm\u011btu, jeho\u017e byla socha sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. So\u0161ka byla vyrobena z jemn\u00e9ho 24 kar\u00e1tov\u00e9ho zlata a vypad\u00e1 jako platinov\u00fd obklad. Tzv. \u201eVenus de Frias\u201c je socha kultury Frias neboli Vic\u00fas (150. p\u0159. n. l. – 400 n. l.), kterou objevili v roce 1956 vykrada\u010di hrob\u016f (huaqueros) ve m\u011bst\u011b Frias (Ayabaca, Piura). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,7,5,4,209],"class_list":["post-4292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru","tag-vicus"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4292"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4297,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4292\/revisions\/4297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}