{"id":442,"date":"2019-03-02T00:10:37","date_gmt":"2019-03-01T23:10:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=442"},"modified":"2018-09-09T11:25:39","modified_gmt":"2018-09-09T09:25:39","slug":"karnevalove-tradice-jizni-ameriky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2019\/03\/02\/karnevalove-tradice-jizni-ameriky\/","title":{"rendered":"Karnevalov\u00e9 tradice Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne karneval, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b si v\u011bt\u0161ina z&nbsp;v\u00e1s p\u0159edstav\u00ed ten nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z&nbsp;nich, po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v&nbsp;Rio de Janeiro, v&nbsp;Braz\u00edlii, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v&nbsp;b\u0159eznu. Karnevalov\u00e9 oslavy prob\u00edhaj\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ov\u0161em nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b ty konan\u00e9 v&nbsp;Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se konaj\u00ed zpravidla po dobu t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016f, co\u017e jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u0159i dny p\u0159ed Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edou, na kterou p\u0159ipad\u00e1 v&nbsp;k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i postn\u00ed den. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b datum oslav se li\u0161\u00ed podle zvyk\u016f v&nbsp;jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch a rozhodn\u011b to nen\u00ed dogma. V&nbsp;sou\u010dasnosti se karnevalov\u00e9 tradice dodr\u017euj\u00ed na cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b m\u00edst po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a dokonce byly obnoveny i na m\u00edstech, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e svoji tradici ztratily a tak ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f byly zbaveny sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed karnevalov\u00e1 m\u00edsta na sv\u011bt\u011b jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad ty, konan\u00e9 v&nbsp;Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch v&nbsp;It\u00e1lii a tak\u00e9 ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m C\u00e1dizu nebo Santa Cruz na Tenerife a Las Palmas na Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrovech.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Do Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky byly karnevaly exportov\u00e1ny \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdmi a portugalsk\u00fdmi mo\u0159eplavci a jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b spojov\u00e1ny s&nbsp;pr\u016fvody alegorick\u00fdch voz\u016f, r\u016fzn\u00fdch kroj\u016f, tanc\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch exces\u016f. Oproti evropsk\u00e9 podob\u011b karneval\u016f jsou daleko v\u00edce \u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se tedy pod\u00edvat na jednotliv\u00e9 zem\u011b a jejich oslavy:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Braz\u00edlie:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Bez probl\u00e9mu se d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee karneval v&nbsp;\u201cRiu\u201d[1] je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tek na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Samba \u0161koly jsou jednotliv\u00e9 spolky, zastupuj\u00edc\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010dtvrti m\u011bsta, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed po cel\u00fd rok na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b pochodu na legend\u00e1rn\u00edm &#8220;Sambadromu&#8221;, kolem n\u011bj\u017e se shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed a\u017e 70 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd rok.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Av\u0161ak Rio De Janeiro nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm m\u00edstem bujar\u00e9ho vesel\u00ed. Braz\u00edlie tak\u00e9 vyzdvihuje dal\u0161\u00ed karneval ve m\u011bst\u011b Salvador de Bah\u00eda, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 19.&nbsp;\u00fanora a kter\u00e9ho se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed na 234 r\u016fzn\u00fdch soubor\u016f. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se Cuidad del Carnaval [2] a pr\u016fvod zahrnuje 25 km p\u0159ehl\u00eddky.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> M\u00e9n\u011b zapln\u011bn\u00fd, ale velmi pozoruhodn\u00fd je pr\u00fd i karneval ve m\u011bsto Olinda, ve st\u00e1t\u011b Pernambuco, M\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee je to jeden z&nbsp;nejv\u00edce autentick\u00fdch a spont\u00e1nn\u00edch karneval\u016f v&nbsp;zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_64551\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NDphdusk_jg?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\nBol\u00edvie:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Karneval Oruro je n\u00e1dhernou demonstrac\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-pohansk\u00e9ho synkretismu [3], projevem \u017eiv\u00e9 kultury a folkl\u00f3rn\u00edho vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;t\u00e9to zemi. Kon\u00e1 se ve m\u011bst\u011b na bol\u00edvijsk\u00e9m Altiplanu, zapsan\u00e9m na seznamu kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO s&nbsp;dlouhou hornickou tradic\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">M\u011bstem proch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u016fvod postav tzv. &#8220;Diabladas&#8221;, ma\u0161karn\u00ed pr\u016fvod \u010f\u00e1bl\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tan\u010d\u00ed typick\u00e9 tance, charakteristick\u00e9 v&nbsp;tomto regionu. Tedy \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 choreografie s&nbsp;odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi a kontrastn\u00edmi barvami kroj\u016f a masek.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_67331\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U6kwoHUULvA?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><br \/>\nKolumbie:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Nejpest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed festival v&nbsp;t\u00e9to zemi je Barranquilla [4]. Historick\u00e9 dokumenty ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e v&nbsp;osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed se tady slavily masopustn\u00ed dny, zvan\u00e9 karnevaly a to nejen ve m\u011bst\u011b Cartagena ale ve m\u011bstech, jako je Magangu\u00e9 i jinde pod\u00e9l \u0159eky Magdalena na \u00faseku karibsk\u00e9 roviny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed karneval zvan\u00fd <em>Negros y blancos<\/em> [5] se kon\u00e1 ve m\u011bst\u011b San Juan de Pasto. Je to karneval, kde se siln\u011b projevuj\u00ed andsk\u00e9 domorod\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, a kter\u00fd byl zak\u00e1z\u00e1n v&nbsp;XIX. stolet\u00ed b\u011bhem indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Byl kongresem st\u00e1tu prohl\u00e1\u0161en za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_13599\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7YZviEi0sOc?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\nUruguay:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Nejproslulej\u0161\u00ed je karneval v&nbsp;Montevideu, kter\u00fd je podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f nejdel\u0161\u00edm karnevalem na sv\u011bt\u011b, proto\u017ee trv\u00e1 40 dn\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Tento karneval m\u00e1 dva hlavn\u00ed aspekty, kter\u00e9 nejsou antagonistick\u00e9, ale komplement\u00e1rn\u00ed: pouli\u010dn\u00ed hudebn\u00edky \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, jejich\u017e texty jsou velmi humorn\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, s&nbsp;prvky politick\u00e9 satiry. Hlas lidu toti\u017e hr\u00e1l d\u016fle\u017eitou soci\u00e1ln\u011b-kulturn\u00ed \u00falohu b\u011bhem diktatury v&nbsp;letech 1973-1984.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Druh\u00fdm aspektem je <em><strong>Candombe<\/strong><\/em> [6]. Jedn\u00e1 se o vyjad\u0159ovac\u00ed prost\u0159edek \u010dernoch\u016f, p\u016fvodem otrok\u016f z&nbsp;koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch dob, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kter\u00e9ho se sna\u017eili obnovit sv\u00e9 africk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, s&nbsp;pou\u017eit\u00edm kost\u00fdm\u016f, p\u00edsn\u00ed a tanc\u016f. Propagovali a propaguj\u00ed svou kulturu a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 evoluci a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u00ed. Karneval ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 inaugura\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fvodem v&nbsp;polovin\u011b ledna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_63834\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PAf3bILI5K4?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\nPanama:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Karnevaly v&nbsp;Panam\u011b jsou \u010dasto tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvany \u201coslavy kr\u00e1le Momo\u201d a slav\u00ed se po dobu \u010dty\u0159 po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch dn\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159ed\u011b. Z&nbsp;t\u011bch nejlep\u0161\u00edch by se m\u011bl zm\u00ednit <em>Carnaval de las tablas<\/em>, pro kter\u00fd je charakteristick\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 soupe\u0159en\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma skupinami (calle Arriba a calle Abajo). Ty spolu tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v&nbsp;tv\u00e1\u0159 b\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 dn\u016f v&nbsp;tuh\u00e9m &#8220;boji&#8221; soupe\u0159\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_22956\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4KDgH3FItsk?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\nPeru:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> V&nbsp;Peru je karnevalov\u00fd rej zdaleka nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, i kdy\u017e zdej\u0161\u00ed karnevaly nejsou tak zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako jin\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd region a snad ka\u017ed\u00e1 vesnice m\u00e1 sv\u016fj karneval, ve kter\u00e9m se p\u0159irozen\u00e9 m\u00eds\u00ed s&nbsp;nadp\u0159irozenem, s&nbsp;pohansk\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm star\u00fdch kultur, pozemsk\u00e9 s&nbsp;kosmick\u00fdm. Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jsou karnevaly v&nbsp;Punu, Cuscu, Cajamarce, Ayacuchu (viz. video), Juliace, Arequip\u011b nebo Jauja a v&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Karnevaly jsou slaveny v&nbsp;m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch \u00fanoru a b\u0159eznu. Tan\u010d\u00ed se na \u017eivou hudbu, kdy skupiny svobodn\u00fdch mlad\u00edk\u016f tan\u010d\u00ed bez p\u0159est\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch a ulic\u00edch zabr\u00e1ni do sout\u011b\u017een\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m vyb\u00edzej\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00e1 pohlav\u00ed k&nbsp;tanci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Typick\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem je <strong><em>yunsa<\/em><\/strong> (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd t\u00e9\u017e umisha v&nbsp;d\u017eungli, a cortamonte na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed). P\u0159i n\u011bm je zasazen do zem\u011b velk\u00fd strom pln\u00fd d\u00e1rk\u016f. Lid\u00e9 tan\u010d\u00ed v&nbsp;p\u00e1rech kolem dokola yunsy. Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou je porazit strom, aby spadl. P\u00e1r, kter\u00fd d\u00e1 posledn\u00ed z\u00e1sek p\u0159edt\u00edm ne\u017e strom spadne, dostane na starosti organizov\u00e1n\u00ed yunsy v&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edm roce. Jak ritu\u00e1l vypad\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt na videu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CKDtGmDJzZg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zde<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_83635\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vtLFpH75idQ?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\nMexiko:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Zde je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit <em>Carnival de Veracruz<\/em> [7], kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v&nbsp;Mexiku. Trv\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i dny, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch skupinky tane\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a alegorick\u00fdch voz\u016f proch\u00e1zej\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost 7 kilometr\u016f po hlavn\u00edm bulv\u00e1ru.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_28219\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GfZnYjRcPYo?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><br \/>\nDominik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika:<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, prvn\u00ed karnevaly tohoto ostrova a snad i Ameriky, se konaly v&nbsp;\u00fanoru 1520 na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 je nyn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edceninou, zvan\u00e9m Vega Vieja. Konaly se p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Fraye Bartolom\u00e9 de las Casas. Obyvatel\u00e9 Vega Vieja se p\u0159evl\u00e9kli za Maury a k\u0159es\u0165any a uskute\u010dnili slavnosti, kter\u00e9 se vyvinuly do sou\u010dasn\u00fdch oslav.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jsou postavy Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho karnevalu [8], kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed chu\u0165 t\u00e9to explozi radosti, jen\u017e je spole\u010dn\u00fdm jmenovatelem v&nbsp;cel\u00e9 Latinsk\u00e9 Americe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_16876\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fuoVZOq7CVE?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">[1] The Guide for Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. Rio Services Carnival. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rio-carnival.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.rio-carnival.net\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [2] Carnaval de Bah\u00eda. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnaval_de_Bah%C3%ADa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnaval_de_Bah%C3%ADa<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [3] Synkretismus. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synkretismus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synkretismus<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [4] Carnaval de Barranquilla. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.carnavaldebarranquilla.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.carnavaldebarranquilla.org\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [5] Carnaval de pasto. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.carnavaldepasto.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.carnavaldepasto.org\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [6] Candombe. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Candombe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Candombe<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [7] Carnaval de Veracruz. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/carnavaldeveracruz.com.mx\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/carnavaldeveracruz.com.mx\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [8] Carnaval Rep\u00fablica Dominicana. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.carnaval.com.do\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.carnaval.com.do\/<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [9] El Carnaval en Am\u00e9rica Latina. CasaAmerica.es. Online: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.casamerica.es\/contenidoweb\/el-carnaval-en-america-latina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.casamerica.es\/contenidoweb\/el-carnaval-en-america-latina<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Video (odshora):<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [10] Juliano Rossi: Carnaval Rio de Janeiro 2013 &#8211; 1\u00ba Dia. YouTube, 12.2,2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NDphdusk_jg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [11] Bolivian MTV: CAPORALES CENTRALISTAS EN EL CARNAVAL ORURO 2016. YouTube, 5.3.2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=U6kwoHUULvA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [13] Imagen Profesional &#8211; Fernando Mutis: Carnaval de Negros y Blancos, San Juan de Pasto &#8211; Desfile Magno &#8211; 2016. YouTube, 10.1.2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7YZviEi0sOc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [14] Montevideo de Frente: Carnaval de Montevideo, Uruguay 2016. YouTube, 18.1.2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PAf3bILI5K4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [15] Luigi E. Escobar G.: Carnaval 2017 Calle Arriba de Las Tablas. YouTube, 26.2.2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4KDgH3FItsk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [16] Carnaval Ayacuchano 2016, El Mejor &#8211; Comparsa Se\u00f1orial Cangallo Coraz\u00f3n. YouTube, 12.02.2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vtLFpH75idQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [17] El Portal Veracruz: Carnaval de Veracruz 2017. YouTube, 27.2.2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GfZnYjRcPYo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"> [18] gwe jown canal: Carnaval Dominicano 2017. YouTube, 24.5.2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fuoVZOq7CVE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne karneval, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b si v\u011bt\u0161ina z&nbsp;v\u00e1s p\u0159edstav\u00ed ten nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z&nbsp;nich, po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v&nbsp;Rio de Janeiro, v&nbsp;Braz\u00edlii, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v&nbsp;b\u0159eznu. Karnevalov\u00e9 oslavy prob\u00edhaj\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ov\u0161em nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b ty konan\u00e9 v&nbsp;Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":445,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[45,70,5,54,56,49,4],"class_list":["post-442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani","tag-argentina","tag-brazilie","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-karneval","tag-kolumbie","tag-mexiko","tag-peru"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2379,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442\/revisions\/2379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}