{"id":4913,"date":"2024-04-26T00:08:25","date_gmt":"2024-04-25T22:08:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=4913"},"modified":"2024-04-02T15:13:38","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T13:13:38","slug":"kipu-tajemne-pismo-ci-pocitacovy-kod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2024\/04\/26\/kipu-tajemne-pismo-ci-pocitacovy-kod\/","title":{"rendered":"Kip\u00fa &#8211; tajemn\u00e9 p\u00edsmo \u010di po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd k\u00f3d?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Psal se konec 16.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed. Na \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky vl\u00e1dli \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed dobyvatel\u00e9. Jednou se na cest\u011b t\u0159\u00ed \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f, posp\u00edchaj\u00edc\u00edch za sv\u00fdmi povinnostmi, objevil star\u0161\u00ed Indi\u00e1n.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Soud\u011b podle obleku byl p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkem m\u00edstn\u00ed \u0161lechty. Kdy\u017e uvid\u011bl cizince, sna\u017eil se n\u011bco schovat pod od\u011bvem. Ale \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 to zpozorovali a bez skrupul\u00ed mu to vzali. K&nbsp;jejich p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed se jim v&nbsp;rukou objevil svazek r\u016fznobarevn\u00fdch prov\u00e1zk\u016f poset\u00fdch sv\u00e1zan\u00fdmi uzl\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e si je prohl\u00e9dli, zeptali se Indi\u00e1na, co to m\u00e1 znamenat. Indi\u00e1n jen d\u016fstojn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bl: <em>\u201eZde jsou zaps\u00e1ny v\u0161echny \u010diny dobyvatel\u016f \u2014 jak \u0161patn\u00e9, tak i dobr\u00e9.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4914 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ts_kipu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"310\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ts_kipu.jpg 310w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/ts_kipu-207x300.jpg 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tato odpov\u011b\u010f spustila n\u011bco, co m\u00e1lem zni\u010dilo v\u0161echna <em>kipu.<\/em> \u0160pan\u011bl\u016fm se odpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nel\u00edbila, Indi\u00e1na surov\u00e9 potrestali za jeho \u00fadajnou drzost a tajemn\u00e9 uzl\u00edky se rozhodli zni\u010dit. Ozna\u010dili uzl\u00edky za objekt pohansk\u00e9ho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, za\u010dali je sb\u00edral a p\u00e1lit. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 byl\u00ed sice sami p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee kipu je d\u016fle\u017eitou informac\u00ed, ale proto\u017ee se jim nepoda\u0159ilo nic rozlu\u0161tit, cht\u011bli ho alespo\u0148 zlikvidovat.<\/p>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd div, \u017ee se jim nepoda\u0159ilo p\u00edsmo p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst. Tak\u00e9 Inkov\u00e9 m\u00e9li specialisty \u2014 ochr\u00e1nce kipu, kte\u0159\u00ed s&nbsp;neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ebirali prsty uzl\u00edky a lu\u0161tili informaci, kterou obsahovaly.<\/p>\n<p>A tehdy se mezi Evropany objevila legenda, ve kter\u00e9 se vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee kipu nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e proklet\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f, vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 vynal\u00e9zav\u00fdmi Inky, jako pomsta za zni\u010den\u00fd st\u00e1t. Postupn\u011b se pak ale v\u0161ichni uklidnili t\u00edm, \u017ee kipu je jen dekorativn\u00ed prvek od\u011bvu, v&nbsp;krajn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b primitivn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00e1novit\u00e9 studium kipu za\u010dalo a\u017e v&nbsp;roce 1923, kdy se uzl\u00edky za\u010dal zab\u00fdvat historik L. L. Locke. Ten naprosto zavrhl tvrzen\u00ed o dekorativnosti kipu. D\u00edval se na uzlov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo jako na zp\u016fsob p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed matematick\u00fdch fakt\u016f a uplynulo je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let, ne\u017e byl jeho n\u00e1zor p\u0159ekon\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 barva v&nbsp;&#8220;p\u00edsmu&#8221; kipu m\u011bla sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam, ale ten se m\u011bnil i v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na \u201e\u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011btu&#8221; cel\u00e9ho kipu. Jestli\u017ee v&nbsp;n\u011bm byly zaneseny v\u00fdsledky s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu, kter\u00e9 Inkov\u00e9 d\u016fsledn\u011b jednou do roka prov\u00e1d\u011bli, pak m\u011bly tyt\u00e9\u017e barvy jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam ne\u017e na kipu zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm t\u011b\u017ebu drah\u00fdch kov\u016f nebo soupis zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed mnoz\u00ed u\u010denci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee barevn\u00e9 prov\u00e1zky Ink\u016f se postupn\u011b vyv\u00edjely do slo\u017eit\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9ho p\u00edsma (podobn\u011b dne\u0161n\u00edmu slepeck\u00e9mu p\u00edsmu).<\/p>\n<p>Dnes se v&nbsp;muze\u00edch a jednotliv\u00fdch kolekc\u00edch nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0161est set uchovan\u00fdch expon\u00e1t\u016f star\u00e9ho kipu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee asi 20 procent z&nbsp;nich neslou\u017eilo k&nbsp;po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b v&nbsp;roce 1981 vyslovili p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee kipu je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed forma p\u00edsma. Podle p\u0159edpoklad\u016f v\u011bdc\u016f obsahuje asi jeden a p\u016fl tis\u00edce jednotek informac\u00ed \u2014 jednotliv\u00fdch znak\u016f. Je to o n\u011bco v\u00edce ne\u017e sumersko-babylonsk\u00e9 kl\u00ednov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edc ne\u017e egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy nebo hieroglyfy May\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Matematici vymezili, \u017ee p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kipu u\u017e\u00edvali Inkov\u00e9 bin\u00e1rn\u00ed soustavu podobnou t\u00e9, kter\u00e1 dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad soudob\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f. Co\u017epak p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 star\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed vytvo\u0159ili prov\u00e1zkov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d? U\u010denci tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee pokud je kipu skute\u010dn\u00e9 formou p\u00edsma, tak nep\u0159edstavuje oby\u010dejnou hovorovou \u0159e\u010d, ale je n\u011b\u010d\u00edm na zp\u016fsob notov\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu nebo jak\u00e9hosi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p>Roz\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed kipu by p\u0159edstavovalo pro u\u010dence ur\u010dit\u011b unik\u00e1tn\u00ed mo\u017enosti k&nbsp;podrobn\u00e9mu studiu historie a kultury \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Ink\u016f, kter\u00e1 dodnes z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednou z&nbsp;nejtajemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch civilizac\u00ed. Proto pokusy pokra\u010duj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ct\u011bte v\u00edc:<\/p>\n<p>Vajkrt, Milo\u0161: Kdo byli Inkov\u00e9? Futura, Praha 2009<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psal se konec 16.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed. Na \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky vl\u00e1dli \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed dobyvatel\u00e9. Jednou se na cest\u011b t\u0159\u00ed \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f, posp\u00edchaj\u00edc\u00edch za<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[34,7,13,5,4,43],"class_list":["post-4913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-inkove","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru","tag-zahady"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4913"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4916,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4913\/revisions\/4916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}