{"id":4933,"date":"2024-05-17T00:24:59","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T22:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=4933"},"modified":"2024-04-27T23:33:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-27T21:33:54","slug":"tajemstvi-hlineneho-vykresu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2024\/05\/17\/tajemstvi-hlineneho-vykresu\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemstv\u00ed hlin\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkresu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Je\u0161t\u011b o kultu\u0159e Chan Chan<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u201cRozbo\u0159en\u00e9 m\u011bsto p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi le\u017eelo jako ztroskotav\u0161\u00ed lo\u010f: sto\u017e\u00e1ry se n\u011bkde ztratily, nikdo nev\u00ed, jak se ta lo\u010f jmenovala, kam plula, \u010d\u00ed byla, jak dlouho byla na cest\u011b\u2026\u201d <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato slova pronesl cestovatel a diplomat, politik a archeolog <em>John L. Stephenson<\/em> v&nbsp;roce 1840, kdy\u017e objevil m\u011bsto May\u016f Cop\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Mohla by poslou\u017eit za epigraf jedn\u00e9 z&nbsp;kapitol objeven\u00ed Ameriky. T\u00e9 kapitoly, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduje za obdob\u00edm conquistador\u016f, a jej\u00ed\u017e \u010detn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky badatel\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159e\u010detli.<\/p>\n<p>Doba conquistador\u016f skon\u010dila. Poh\u00e1dkov\u00e1 bohatstv\u00ed, nahraban\u00e1 v&nbsp;kouzeln\u00fdch m\u011bstech skon\u010dila v&nbsp;pokladnic\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla nekone\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty byla p\u0159etavena v&nbsp;bezv\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 odlitky, tal\u00ed\u0159e, zlatky. M\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 voj\u00e1ci Cortese, Pizarra a dal\u0161\u00edch dobyvatel\u016f vid\u011bli na \u00fasvitu \u017eivota, se prom\u011bnila v&nbsp;rozvaliny. A kdy\u017e v&nbsp;minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li do t\u011bchto ml\u010d\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bst prvn\u00ed archeologov\u00e9, byla skute\u010dn\u011b jako mrtv\u00e9 lod\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Jejich d\u011bjiny bylo t\u0159eba obnovovat podle t\u011bch n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch drobk\u016f, kter\u00e9 sta\u010dila ukr\u00fdt d\u017eungle, mohyly, vrstvy mrtv\u00e9 zem\u011b. Jedno z&nbsp;takov\u00fdch b\u00e1je\u010dn\u00fdch m\u011bst se rozprost\u00edralo v&nbsp;pou\u0161ti severn\u00edho Peru, pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bsta <em>Trujillo.<\/em> Nalezen\u00e9 m\u011bsto bylo neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b velik\u00e9. Jeho rozloha ohromovala dokonce i ty odborn\u00edky, o kter\u00fdch by se dalo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee jsou zvykl\u00ed na fantastickou skute\u010dnost star\u00e9ho sv\u011bta Ameriky.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011bsto toti\u017e zab\u00edralo dev\u011bt \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 23 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch kilometr\u016f). Ov\u0161em \u010dlov\u011bka neohromovaly jenom obrovit\u00e9 rozm\u011bry. Ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed, kdy\u017e byly prvn\u011b ud\u011bl\u00e1ny leteck\u00e9 sn\u00edmky m\u011bsta, badatel\u00e9 spat\u0159ili geometricky k&nbsp;obzoru se sb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed obrysy hlin\u011bn\u00fdch zd\u00ed na \u010derven\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Na sn\u00edmc\u00edch bylo z\u0159eteln\u011b vid\u011bt obd\u00e9ln\u00edky, z&nbsp;nich\u017e se ka\u017ed\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b d\u011blil na t\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti. V&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b vymezen\u00e9 posloupnosti bylo do tohoto obrovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdkresu zaneseno mnoho stejn\u00fdch detail\u016f spojen\u00fdch mezi sebou jak\u00fdmsi nevysv\u011btliteln\u00fdm rytmem. I dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc byla zaj\u00edmav\u00e1: jak mohlo pr\u00e1v\u011b tady, v&nbsp;jedn\u00e9 z&nbsp;nejsu\u0161\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, vzniknout a vzkv\u00e9tat nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech jihoamerick\u00fdch m\u011bst p\u0159ed Kolumbem?<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bco se o tomto m\u011bst\u011b zachovalo v&nbsp;kronik\u00e1ch z&nbsp;dob \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch dobyvatel\u016f. Jmenovalo se Chan-Chan, a bylo kdysi hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem st\u00e1tu Chim\u00fa, kter\u00e9 Inkov\u00e9 zni\u010dili koncem patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Existovalo celkem kolem sta let. V&nbsp;kronik\u00e1ch se m\u016f\u017eeme do\u010d\u00edst tak\u00e9 o bohatstv\u00ed tohoto m\u011bsta \u2014 dokonce i po zni\u010den\u00ed Inky v&nbsp;n\u011bm bylo tolik zlata, \u017ee ho \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159ejmenovali na \u201ehlin\u011bn\u00e9 Eldor\u00e1do\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Lid Chim\u00fa n\u00e1m nezanechal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky, ale legendy, kter\u00e9 zapsali \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159i, vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed dev\u011bt vl\u00e1dc\u016f, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed zakladatele m\u011bsta, kter\u00fd p\u0159iplul na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9m voru a vyhl\u00e1sil, \u017ee <em>\u201evelik\u00fd vl\u00e1dce&#8230; ho sem poslal, vl\u00e1dnout t\u00e9to zem\u00ed &#8230; ze z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed&#8230;\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak ani kroniky, ani v\u00fdsledky n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch expedic zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch sp\u00ed\u0161e na shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed exotick\u00fdch rarit ne\u017e na zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta, nemohly v\u011bdce uspokojit. Odkud p\u0159ipluly nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u201ekor\u00e1by?\u201c \u010c\u00ed byly? A jak\u00e1 byla jejich souvislost v&nbsp;\u010dase a prostoru?<\/p>\n<p>M\u011bsto <em><strong>Chan-Chan<\/strong><\/em> je um\u00edst\u011bno pr\u00e1v\u011b v&nbsp;oblasti, kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 oblast nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed civilizace Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Tato oblast se t\u00e1hne od st\u0159edn\u00edho Mexika do severn\u00edho Chile. V\u011bdci si kladou ot\u00e1zku: byla mezi t\u011bmito \u010detn\u00fdmi kulturami n\u011bjak\u00e1 souvislost, kterou je nutno odhalit, nebo se ka\u017ed\u00e1 z&nbsp;t\u011bchto kultur vyv\u00edjela podstatn\u011b samostatn\u011b?<\/p>\n<p>Zodpov\u011bzen\u00edm t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky by byla zapo\u010data nov\u00e1 kapitola d\u011bjin objeven\u00ed Ameriky. V&nbsp;roce 1915 se objevila hypot\u00e9za, podle n\u00ed\u017e existovala pro v\u0161echny staroamerick\u00e9 civilizace prakultura zalo\u017een\u00e1 na p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kuku\u0159ice. Tato hypot\u00e9za byla po dlouhou dobu podrobov\u00e1na zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed kritice. To p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 argumenty, o kter\u00e9 se op\u00edrala, byly skute\u010dn\u011b myln\u00e9 a pr\u00e1v\u011b o n\u011b se op\u00edrali jej\u00ed odp\u016frci. Postupn\u011b se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b jde o my\u0161lenku spr\u00e1vnou.<\/p>\n<p>Ano, existovala ur\u010dit\u00e1 spojitost mezi kulturami d\u00e1vn\u00e9 Ameriky, ov\u0161em v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin se toto spojen\u00ed na \u010das p\u0159eru\u0161ilo, posl\u00e9ze se op\u011bt obnovilo s&nbsp;novou silou. <em>Chan-Chan<\/em> vznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v&nbsp;obdob\u00ed, kdy m\u00edsto n\u011bkter\u00fdch sv\u00e9r\u00e1znost\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji staroamerick\u00fdch kultur p\u0159i\u0161lo obdob\u00ed \u201ev\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho p\u0159esunu plemen ve st\u0159edn\u00ed oblasti Ameriky a v&nbsp;Andsk\u00e9 oblasti, kdy se naru\u0161uj\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e9 okruhy m\u00edstn\u00edch kultur\u201c. Chan-Chan vznik\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tam, kde tyto p\u0159esuny byly zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Od roku 1969 do roku 1973 tu pracovala komplexn\u00ed expedice, kter\u00e9 se z\u00fa\u010dastnili odborn\u00edci n\u011bkolika zem\u00ed. A ti vysv\u011btlili, jak mohlo existovat m\u011bsto v&nbsp;takov\u00e9 such\u00e9 oblasti. Byl tu objeven syst\u00e9m gigantick\u00fdch zavod\u0148ovac\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, z&nbsp;nich\u017e jeden se t\u00e1hl a\u017e ze vzd\u00e1lenosti \u0161edes\u00e1ti km z&nbsp;\u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Chimaco.<\/p>\n<p>Bylo odhaleno tajemstv\u00ed pravo\u00fahl\u00fdch staveb. Jak uk\u00e1zaly vykop\u00e1vky, byly to sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00e9 pyramidy, kde byli mimo jin\u00e9 poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ni i tehdej\u0161\u00ed mocn\u00ed. Celkem bylo takov\u00fdch staveb dev\u011bt, pr\u00e1v\u011b tolik, kolik bylo podle legendy vl\u00e1dc\u016f m\u011bsta. Byly odhaleny i takov\u00e9 podrobnosti \u201ehlin\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkresu\u201c jako svatyn\u011b, kde se modlili k&nbsp;boh\u016fm, kde p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti. Zdi t\u011bchto staveb byly vyzdobeny hlin\u011bn\u00fdmi reli\u00e9fy s&nbsp;pelik\u00e1ny a \u010dajkami, kormor\u00e1ny a kraby, mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdicemi a lo\u010fkami.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d byly zdi t\u011bchto svaty\u0148 vyzdobeny pouze mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi motivy? M\u011bsto p\u0159ece ne\u017eilo jen z&nbsp;dar\u016f mo\u0159e. Pro\u010d na t\u011bchto zdech nejsou motivy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9, \u0159emeslnick\u00e9, kter\u00e9 tu podle star\u00fdch kronik vzkv\u00e9taly a vytv\u00e1\u0159ely jedno z&nbsp;nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bohatstv\u00ed m\u011bsta?<\/p>\n<p>Znovu mus\u00edme p\u0159ipomenout legendu o zakladateli m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9ho jak\u00fdsi panovn\u00edk vyslal \u201evl\u00e1dnout t\u00e9to zem\u00ed v&nbsp;z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed\u201c. V&nbsp;d\u00edle nazvan\u00e9m \u201eMo\u0159eplavci slune\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu\u201c se podle mnoha fakt\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed mapa plavby d\u00e1vn\u00fdch Polyn\u00e9san\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b na t\u00e9to map\u011b se jedna z&nbsp;tras dot\u00fdk\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, kde stoj\u00ed m\u011bsto Chan-Chan. Ve v\u011bd\u011b se u\u017e dlouho t\u00e1hne spor o p\u016fvodu Polyn\u00e9san\u016f, a o tom, kdy se objevili na ostrovech v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii. Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba se o cel\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti rozepisovat podrobn\u011b, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee obyvatel\u00e9 Polyn\u00e9sie a Indi\u00e1ni Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky m\u011bli mezi sebou n\u011bjak\u00e9 kontakty?<\/p>\n<p>Na to by ov\u0161em m\u011bly odpov\u011bd\u011bt anal\u00fdzy DNA&#8230; Je docela mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b star\u00e1 legenda \u010dek\u00e1 na sv\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed pod z\u0159\u00edceninami a mohylami obrovit\u00e9ho hlin\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkresu t\u00e1hnouc\u00edho se k&nbsp;\u00fapat\u00ed And.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010ct\u011bte d\u00e1le:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"TbVLqQim9X\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2020\/02\/01\/chan-chan-nejvetsi-staroveke-mesto-sveta\/\">Chan Chan &#8211; nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 m\u011bsto sv\u011bta<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8222;Chan Chan &#8211; nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 m\u011bsto sv\u011bta&#8220; &#8212; Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerika\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2020\/02\/01\/chan-chan-nejvetsi-staroveke-mesto-sveta\/embed\/#?secret=7SBHvRXCUH#?secret=TbVLqQim9X\" data-secret=\"TbVLqQim9X\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je\u0161t\u011b o kultu\u0159e Chan Chan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[34,8,7,4,43],"class_list":["post-4933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-chan-chan","tag-historie","tag-peru","tag-zahady"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4933"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4935,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4933\/revisions\/4935"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}