{"id":4941,"date":"2024-05-31T00:11:53","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T22:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=4941"},"modified":"2024-05-21T02:23:13","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T00:23:13","slug":"kdo-jako-prvni-kolonizoval-ameriku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2024\/05\/31\/kdo-jako-prvni-kolonizoval-ameriku\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdo jako prvn\u00ed kolonizoval Ameriku?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety se myslelo, \u017ee prvn\u00ed americkou kulturou je kultura Clovis, p\u0159edk\u016f severoamerick\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f. Tak\u00e9 je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk dorazil na tento kontinent a\u017e p\u0159ed 14&nbsp;000 lety.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 objevy, v\u010detn\u011b anal\u00fdzy DNA, uk\u00e1zaly nov\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Prvn\u00edmi civilizacemi Ameriky byly n\u00e1rody st\u0159edn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky nejm\u00e9n\u011b o 15&nbsp;000 a\u017e 20&nbsp;000 let d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e jsme si mysleli. A tito lid\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161li z&nbsp;mo\u0159e (ano, \u010dtete spr\u00e1vn\u011b, &#8220;z&nbsp;mo\u0159e&#8221;), ze <em>Sibi\u0159e<\/em> a <em>Sundalandu<\/em> (kontinentu, kter\u00fd zmizel v&nbsp;d\u016fsledku t\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00ed Indon\u00e9sii a okoln\u00edm ostrov\u016fm).<\/p>\n<p>Do roku 2020 v\u011bdci zve\u0159ejnili v\u00fdsledky objevu lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f v&nbsp;mexick\u00e9 \u010diquihuitsk\u00e9 jeskyni. Vykop\u00e1vky za\u010daly v&nbsp;roce 2012. Velk\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky prob\u011bhly v&nbsp;letech 2016 a 2017. Studie vy\u0161la v&nbsp;\u010dasopise Nature. To, co se na\u0161lo v&nbsp;jeskyni, zcela zm\u011bnilo n\u00e1zor archeolog\u016f. Studie, kterou prezentoval Ciprian Ardelean, archeolog Autonomn\u00ed univerzity v&nbsp;Zacatecas (Mexiko) a jeho kolegov\u00e9, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u017eili ve st\u0159edn\u00edm Mexiku nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ed 26&nbsp;500 lety. Profesor \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: <em>\u201eTrv\u00e1 stalet\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 i tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, ne\u017e lid\u00e9 p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed Beringovu \u00fa\u017einu a doraz\u00ed do st\u0159edu Mexika.\u201c <\/em>D\u00e1le dod\u00e1v\u00e1: <em>\u201eJe pot\u0159eba mnoho let p\u0159edchoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, ne\u017e se tam dostali, a\u0165 u\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li po mo\u0159i nebo po sou\u0161i.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomen ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Americe dlouho p\u0159ed 30&nbsp;000 lety.<\/p>\n<p>Ale to nen\u00ed v\u0161e. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum zjistilo, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 St\u0159edn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky nem\u011bli jednoho, ale dva p\u0159edky. Maj\u00ed n\u011bjakou &#8220;matku lidu&#8221;, ozna\u010denou jako &#8220;Y populace&#8221;, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvateli Sundalandu v&nbsp;d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti, kolem \u00e9ry t\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale maj\u00ed i &#8220;otcovsk\u00fd lid&#8221;, Inupiata, p\u016fvodem ze Sibi\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto objevy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed revoluci ve v\u0161ech archeologick\u00fdch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edch o americk\u00e9 minulosti. Kdo pat\u0159il k&nbsp;nejstar\u0161\u00edm nalezen\u00fdm ostatk\u016fm?<\/p>\n<p>A je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: Pokud byli lid\u00e9 schopni cestovat z&nbsp;Austr\u00e1lie do St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky p\u0159ed 30&nbsp;000 lety, co jim br\u00e1nilo cestovat ze St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky, do Evropy nebo do t\u0159eba Egypta?<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Podle:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/science-nature\/when-did-humans-reach-america-mexican-mountain-cave-artifacts-raise-new-questions-180975385\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Discovery in Mexican Cave May Drastically Change the Known Timeline of Humans&#8217; Arrival to the Americas | Smithsonian (smithsonianmag.com)<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2021\/04\/10\/lide-zili-v-jizni-americe-uz-pred-24000-lety\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lid\u00e9 \u017eili v\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe u\u017e p\u0159ed 24\u00a0000 lety \u2013 Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerika (tom-stehule.com)<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2023\/07\/22\/novy-svet-byl-osidlen-jiz-dvakrat-ale-nikdo-nevi-kym\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nov\u00fd sv\u011bt byl os\u00eddlen ji\u017e dvakr\u00e1t \u2013 ale nikdo nev\u00ed k\u00fdm \u2013 Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerika (tom-stehule.com)<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety se myslelo, \u017ee prvn\u00ed americkou kulturou je kultura Clovis, p\u0159edk\u016f severoamerick\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f. Tak\u00e9 je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,7,43],"class_list":["post-4941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-zahady"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4941"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4943,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4941\/revisions\/4943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}