{"id":4981,"date":"2024-07-26T00:12:31","date_gmt":"2024-07-25T22:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=4981"},"modified":"2024-07-27T00:22:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T22:22:37","slug":"velka-incka-stezka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2024\/07\/26\/velka-incka-stezka\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e1 inck\u00e1 stezka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Velk\u00e1 inck\u00e1 stezka, ke\u010du\u00e1nsky \u201eQhapaq \u00d1an\u201c, byla hlavn\u00ed osou velk\u00e9ho silni\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu o d\u00e9lce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30&nbsp;000 kilometr\u016f.<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nJednalo se o rozs\u00e1hlou komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 byla organizov\u00e1na v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu mnoha stalet\u00ed andsk\u00e9 civilizace (p\u0159ed Inky) a kterou Inkov\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ili jako sou\u010d\u00e1st integra\u010dn\u00edho a expanzivn\u00edho politick\u00e9ho projektu kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edho rozsahu zvan\u00e9ho Tawantinsuyu, kter\u00fd dos\u00e1hl sv\u00e9ho maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v&nbsp;15.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m cest je strukturov\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b pod\u00e9ln\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch cest, strategicky uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch s&nbsp;Andami jako p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed; lid\u00e9 cestovali po t\u011bchto cest\u00e1ch, a s&nbsp;nimi putovaly znalosti, my\u0161lenky a zvyky, stejn\u011b jako produkty, kter\u00e9 spojovaly a integrovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b charakteristick\u00e9 pro andskou oblast.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4984 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ts_Velka-incka-stezka.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ts_Velka-incka-stezka.jpg 450w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ts_Velka-incka-stezka-249x300.jpg 249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tato silni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 spojovala cel\u00e9 Tahuantinsuyo p\u0159es dne\u0161n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Argentiny, Bol\u00edvie, Chile, Kolumbie, Ekv\u00e1doru a Peru, proch\u00e1zela pou\u0161t\u011bmi, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi oblastmi, poho\u0159\u00edmi, ba\u017einami atd. V\u0161echny trasy za\u010d\u00ednaly v&nbsp;c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Cusco.<\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z&nbsp;nich je ta, kter\u00e1 vedla sm\u011brem na Quito, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Ekv\u00e1doru.<\/p>\n<p>Qhapaq \u00d1an byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1kladem politick\u00e9 expanze Ink\u016f, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148oval rychlou mobilizaci arm\u00e1d a st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f. Usnad\u0148oval tak\u00e9 p\u0159epravu cenn\u00fdch surovin, jako jsou kovy, sko\u0159\u00e1pky houby, d\u0159evo, listy koky, textilie atd.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00e9l cest byly rozm\u00edst\u011bny tamby, ohrady, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ky a sklady, aby si cestovatel\u00e9 mohli odpo\u010dinout a ulo\u017eit sv\u00e9 v\u011bci. Obvykle m\u011bly obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00fd tvar a byly rozd\u011bleny na n\u011bkolik nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch prostor. Existovaly tambos r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed: ty v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bly obytn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a sklady a slou\u017eily k&nbsp;ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed Inky a jeho dru\u017einy. Men\u0161\u00ed slou\u017eily jako obydl\u00ed pro chasquis, co\u017e byli poslov\u00e9 Tawantinsuyu.<\/p>\n<p>Stavba most\u016f byla pro Qhapaq \u00d1an tak\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee d\u00edky nim mohli Inkov\u00e9 p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat svahy, \u0159eky a obecn\u011b \u010dlenitou andskou geografii. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z&nbsp;t\u011bchto plo\u0161in byly postaveny z&nbsp;kamene, jin\u00e9 ze d\u0159eva. Existovaly tak\u00e9 visut\u00e9 mosty, kter\u00e9 byly postaveny z&nbsp;rostlinn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, jako je tomu v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Q&#8217;eswachaka, pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za posledn\u00ed inck\u00fd most, kter\u00fd se dodnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Inkov\u00e9 nebyli jedin\u00ed, kdo stav\u011bl cesty, aby spojil sv\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed. Mnoho cest, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali a za\u010dlenili do sv\u00e9ho silni\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, vybudovaly kultury, kter\u00e9 jim p\u0159edch\u00e1zely. Tyto cesty byly v\u00fdhradn\u011b m\u00edstn\u00ed a spojovaly posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 centra neboli huacas s&nbsp;mal\u00fdmi vesnicemi.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 komplexy kultury Wari, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Piquillacta, m\u011bly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 silni\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Dal\u0161\u00ed doklady p\u0159edinck\u00fdch cest lze nal\u00e9zt v&nbsp;\u00fadol\u00ed Moche na severn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Peru a v&nbsp;Lim\u011b, kde byly vybudov\u00e1ny cesty na obou b\u0159ez\u00edch \u0159eky Chillon, v&nbsp;Pachacamacu a v&nbsp;\u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Ca\u00f1ete. Tyto cesty se k\u0159\u00ed\u017eily s&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edmi, kter\u00e9 vedly do andsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, a dokonce i do Amazonie. V&nbsp;roce 2014 byla tato oblast za\u0159azena na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Velk\u00e1 inck\u00e1 stezka, ke\u010du\u00e1nsky \u201eQhapaq \u00d1an\u201c, byla hlavn\u00ed osou velk\u00e9ho silni\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu o d\u00e9lce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30&nbsp;000 kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":62,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[34,7,13,5],"class_list":["post-4981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-inkove","tag-jizni-amerika"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4981"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5071,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4981\/revisions\/5071"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}