{"id":5025,"date":"2024-09-06T00:03:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T22:03:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=5025"},"modified":"2024-08-20T21:09:30","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T19:09:30","slug":"zahadna-kultura-mocha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2024\/09\/06\/zahadna-kultura-mocha\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 kultura Mocha"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku na\u0161\u00ed \u00e9ry se rozv\u00edjela na severu Peru civilizace Moche nebo tak\u00e9 Mochica.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila sv\u016fj vliv na \u00fazem\u00ed pod\u00e9l oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v&nbsp;rozsahu 150 mil. Indi\u00e1ni Moche vybudovali cel\u00fd metalurgick\u00fd komplex, stav\u011bli monument\u00e1ln\u00ed budovy a pal\u00e1ce z&nbsp;cihel vysu\u0161en\u00fdch pouze na Slunci a vytvo\u0159ili unik\u00e1tn\u00ed kulturu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159epych, kter\u00fdm se obklopovalo panstvo tohoto star\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 badatele zar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. V&nbsp;jedn\u00e9 ze \u010dty\u0159iceti obrovsk\u00fdch pyramid odkryli archeologov\u00e9 pod veden\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho norsk\u00e9ho cestovatele a badatele velkolep\u00e9 pohrebi\u0161t\u011b, ve kter\u00e9m se na\u0161lo mnoho zlat\u00fdch masek a \u0161perk\u016f zhotoven\u00fdch velmi dovedn\u00fdmi mistry. Krom\u011b toho se na\u0161lo mnoho unik\u00e1tn\u00edho n\u00e1dob\u00ed s&nbsp;realistick\u00fdmi portr\u00e9ty tehdej\u0161\u00edch panovn\u00edk\u016f. Je charakteristick\u00e9 pouze pro kulturu Moche.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159epychov\u00e9 poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b dostalo n\u00e1zev Popeli\u0161t\u011b v\u00edt\u011bze Sipana. Zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee dnes je Peru po d\u00e9lce i \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce cel\u00e9 rozryt\u00e9 archeology a u\u017e se nemohou objevit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. A p\u0159esto v&nbsp;roce 2001 na\u0161el americk\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Christopher Donnan v&nbsp;\u00fadol\u00ed Jequetepegue n\u011bkolik hrob\u016f, vlastn\u011b n\u011bkolik miniaturn\u00edch mauzole\u00ed.P\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm byl nevelk\u00fd m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd pomn\u00edk v\u011bnovan\u00fd zem\u0159el\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e Donnan otv\u00edral prv\u00fd hrob, o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee uvid\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 kosti, ale v&nbsp;\u0161eru se mu naskytl nejprve pohled, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m si myslel, \u017ee m\u00e1 p\u0159ed sebou z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Kdy\u017e ale do hrobu proniklo denn\u00ed sv\u011btlo, archeolog pochopil, \u017ee se d\u00edv\u00e1 do inkrustovan\u00fdch o\u010d\u00ed zlat\u00e9 masky. V&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edch hrobech se tak\u00e9 na\u0161ly jen podivn\u00e9 masky. Kdy\u017e \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci expedice zkoumali sv\u016fj n\u00e1lez, shodli se na tom, \u017ee nejv\u00edce se podobaj\u00ed na\u0161im p\u0159edstav\u00e1m mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u016f. Ale podivn\u00e9 nebylo jen to. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee indi\u00e1ni Moche byli vysoc\u00ed asi jeden a p\u016fl metru. Ale skelety, objeven\u00e9 v&nbsp;hrobech, pat\u0159ily lidem vysok\u00fdm v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,8 metru.<br \/>\nZanedlouho objevila jin\u00e1 skupina americk\u00fdch archeolog\u016f na jednom horsk\u00e9m svahu nad pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm Peru dal\u0161\u00ed poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161li zde ostatky pouze mlad\u00fdch, asi dvoumetrov\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f. U\u010denci nyn\u00ed stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed ot\u00e1zkou, kdo to byl a pro\u010d museli zem\u0159\u00edt ve v\u011bku kolem dvaceti let. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee to byli voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed padli v&nbsp;bitv\u011b? Krom\u011b zlat\u00fdch masek a \u0161perk\u016f le\u017eelo v&nbsp;hrob\u011b mnoho n\u00e1dob\u00ed ve tvaru lidsk\u00fdch hlav, kter\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovaly sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00e9 socha\u0159sk\u00e9 zpodobn\u011bn\u00ed vl\u00e1dc\u016f. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost keramiky kultury Moche spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee obsahuje erotick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny, a to nejen v&nbsp;obrazech. Lechtiv\u00e9 sc\u00e9nky najdeme i na v\u00e1z\u00e1ch, sklenic\u00edch, poh\u00e1rech, v&nbsp;jak\u00fdch indi\u00e1ni uchov\u00e1vali vodu a chicho \u2014 slab\u00fd alkoholick\u00fd n\u00e1poj ze zelen\u011b kuku\u0159ice.<\/p>\n<p>V hrobech gigant\u016f bylo objeveno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed takov\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b zpodobn\u011bn\u00ed soulo\u017ee. Zat\u00edmco p\u016fvod osob je nejasn\u00fd, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho n\u00e1dob\u00ed se nab\u00edz\u00ed celkem jednoduch\u00e9 \u2014 mo\u017en\u00e1 se poz\u016fstal\u00ed t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem sna\u017eili nahradit poh\u0159ben\u00fdm to, \u010deho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nestihli v&nbsp;b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2022\/02\/19\/mochikove-stavitele-hlinenych-pyramid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mochikov\u00e9 &#8211; Stavitel\u00e9 hlin\u011bn\u00fdch pyramid.\u00a0<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku na\u0161\u00ed \u00e9ry se rozv\u00edjela na severu Peru civilizace Moche nebo tak\u00e9 Mochica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[34,7,5,4],"class_list":["post-5025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5025"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5027,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5025\/revisions\/5027"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}