{"id":5078,"date":"2024-11-01T00:14:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T23:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=5078"},"modified":"2024-10-26T00:26:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T22:26:30","slug":"huaca-pucllana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2024\/11\/01\/huaca-pucllana\/","title":{"rendered":"Huaca Pucllana"},"content":{"rendered":"

Huaca Pucllana, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Miraflores – Lim\u011b, byla p\u016fvodn\u011b postavena Limskou kulturou.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Limsk\u00e1 kultura se rozv\u00edjela na centr\u00e1ln\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, mezi \u00fadol\u00edmi Chancay a Lurin, v obdob\u00ed mezi lety 200 a 700 n. l., ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b jako pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Moche na severu a Nasca na jihu. Vyzna\u010dovala se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm keramikou a architekturou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e os\u00eddlen\u00ed Huaca Pucllana se nach\u00e1zelo v jej\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, mezi lety 400 n. l. a 700 n. l., kdy do\u0161lo k neb\u00fdval\u00e9mu rozvoji, zejm\u00e9na v \u00fadol\u00ed Rimac.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u011b ji tvo\u0159il soubor pyramid, n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a rampov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly postaveny na hlin\u011bn\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b, a to bu\u010f pomoc\u00ed hlin\u011bn\u00fdch zd\u00ed, nebo cihel z adobe ve form\u011b pravo\u00fahl\u00fdch rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00edk\u016f ve vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed poloze, kter\u00e9 charakterizuj\u00ed limskou kulturu. P\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed stavebn\u00ed technika spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v kladen\u00ed adobe cihel ve svisl\u00e9 poloze s maltou na z\u00e1kladn\u011b a naho\u0159e, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po stran\u00e1ch z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed mal\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 prostory; to jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 vzhled knih na polici, a proto ji badatel Pedro Villar C\u00f3rdova nazval \u201etechnikou knihovny\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b tak jsou st\u011bny tvo\u0159eny deskami lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edkov\u00e9ho tvaru a maj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00fd sklon, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e jsou st\u011bny u z\u00e1kladny \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e naho\u0159e, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je dosa\u017eeno fyzick\u00e9 a estetick\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy.<\/p>\n

Obyvatelstvo, kter\u00e9 Puclanu vzd\u00e1valo hold a vy\u017eadovalo jeho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby, byli zem\u011bd\u011blci a ryb\u00e1\u0159i, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00ed m\u011bli ur\u010dit\u00fd v\u00fdznam d\u00edky opakovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti postav spojen\u00fdch s mo\u0159em, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00fdch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011btech.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i sv\u00e9m druh\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed se kultura Ychsma, jej\u00edm\u017e hlavn\u00edm centrem byl Pachac\u00e1mac, usadila v bl\u00edzkosti ob\u0159adn\u00edho centra Pucllany a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na pam\u00e1tku d\u00e1vn\u00e9 presti\u017ee chr\u00e1mu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b obnovila z\u00e1padn\u00ed svah, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pro stavbu zd\u00ed znovu pou\u017eila adobu limsk\u00e9 kultury, ale s pou\u017eit\u00edm jin\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch technik, s malou pe\u010dlivost\u00ed a ur\u010dit\u00fdm sp\u011bchem, snad jako prost\u0159edek zadr\u017een\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed architektonick\u00fdch v\u00fdpln\u00ed, kter\u00e9 hrozily p\u00e1dem a po\u0161kozen\u00edm obyvatel spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. Byly nalezeny d\u016fkazy o \u010detn\u00fdch p\u0159estavb\u00e1ch svahu v d\u016fsledku sesuv\u016f p\u016fdy, co\u017e podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 pokusy o obnovu. Uprost\u0159ed sesuv\u016f se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed poz\u016fstatky mal\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed postaven\u00fdch je\u0161t\u011b jednodu\u0161eji ne\u017e ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zdi, do\u010dasn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161k\u016f pro lidi na cest\u011b k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed nebo k s\u00edti cest, kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b existovaly.<\/p>\n

Huaca Pucllana byla opu\u0161t\u011bna kolem roku 700 n. l. po velk\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v jej\u00ed architektu\u0159e, kdy charakteristick\u00e9 prvky jako \u017elut\u00e1 barva ustoupily jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm konstrukc\u00edm. Kolem roku 800 n. l., b\u011bhem posledn\u00edho os\u00eddlen\u00ed, byly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti lokality p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bny na elitn\u00ed poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b kultury Wari.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed architektura starov\u011bk\u00e9ho limsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu se stala druhotnou, proto\u017ee byla \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zni\u010dena, aby se do n\u00ed ve\u0161ly poh\u0159ebn\u00ed svazky Wari, slo\u017een\u00e9 z mrtvoly, zabalen\u00e9 do mnoha l\u00e1tek a od\u011bv\u016f. Hrobky byly individu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9 a obsahovaly tak\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti v podob\u011b nemluv\u0148at, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla slou\u017eit jako doprovod hlavn\u00edch osob.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Huaca Pucllana, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Miraflores – Lim\u011b, byla p\u016fvodn\u011b postavena Limskou kulturou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5080,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,7,5,4],"class_list":["post-5078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5078"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5096,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5078\/revisions\/5096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}