{"id":5360,"date":"2026-01-10T00:26:26","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T23:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=5360"},"modified":"2026-01-10T20:01:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T19:01:28","slug":"chram-vody-a-smrt-mayske-civilizace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2026\/01\/10\/chram-vody-a-smrt-mayske-civilizace\/","title":{"rendered":"Chr\u00e1m vody a smrt maysk\u00e9 civilizace"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci objevili v Belize starobyl\u00e9 ruiny chr\u00e1mu, a mnoho maysk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1dob.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stavba, obklopena krasov\u00fdmi jezery ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1hadu tajemn\u00e9ho kultu vody a kl\u00ed\u010d k z\u00e1niku maysk\u00e9 civilizace. Chr\u00e1m se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Cara Blanca, ukryt\u00fd v de\u0161tn\u00e9m pralese. Zde Mayov\u00e9 uct\u00edvali Chaac – p\u00e1na blesk\u016f, de\u0161t\u011b a vody.<\/p>\n

Jeskyn\u011b byly u May\u00fa vstupy do sv\u011bta podzemn\u00edch duch\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tajemn\u00fd sv\u011bt May\u00fa … Ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u00fd n\u00e1lez m\u016f\u017ee pomoci l\u00e9pe pochopit sv\u011bt starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace. V b\u00fdval\u00e9m britsk\u00e9m Hondurasu, nyn\u00ed Belize, st\u00e1tu na b\u0159ehu Karibsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, v kraji jezer, kone\u010dn\u011b na\u0161la skupina v\u011bdc\u016f pod veden\u00edm antropologa Lisa Lucero z University v Illinois “posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 m\u00edsto lidu” May\u00fa, kam p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli dary sv\u00fdm boh\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Oblast Cara Blanca, ztracen\u00e1 v d\u017eungli tropick\u00fdch les\u016f asi 70 km z\u00e1padn\u011b od hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Belize, je region krasov\u00fdch jezer. Cara Blanca znamen\u00e1 ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b “Bledol\u00edc\u00ed”, z\u0159ejm\u011b podle m\u00edstn\u00edch b\u00edl\u00fdch v\u00e1pencov\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f. Zhroucen\u00e9 st\u011bny v\u00e1pencov\u00fdch jeskyn\u00ed zaplnily podzem\u00ed a vytvo\u0159il tzv. Cenotes \u2013 dutiny, zatopen\u00e9 vodou, r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed a hloubek. (1)<\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee Mayov\u00e9 sem chodili nejen pro vodu, ale i pro vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed. “Jeskyn\u011b a cenotes byly pro Maye vstupy do podsv\u011bt\u00ed, do sv\u011bta podzemn\u00edch duch\u016f,” – \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch National Geographic archeolo\u017eka Holley Moyes z University v Californii. (2)<\/p>\n

Kdysi zde existoval chr\u00e1m, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed dostal jm\u00e9no “Chr\u00e1m vody.” V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edchodem do chr\u00e1mu poutn\u00edci uct\u00edvali Chaac – p\u00e1na blesk\u016f, de\u0161t\u011b a vody. A \u010d\u00edm d\u00e9le sucho trvalo, t\u00edm v\u00edce dar\u016f lid\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli boh\u016fm. To se neobe\u0161lo i bez lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed, o \u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 ostatky.<\/p>\n

Ne v\u0161ichni v\u011bdci se shoduj\u00ed s touto hypot\u00e9zou. P\u0159edlo\u017eena je i jin\u00e1 verze, podle kter\u00e9 zde Mayov\u00e9 poh\u0159b\u00edvali p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky m\u00edstn\u00ed elity. Po dlouhou dobu se v\u011bdci domn\u00edvali, \u017ee zde byly usmrceny pouze \u017eeny. Nyn\u00ed experti tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ne v\u0161echny poz\u016fstatky ob\u011bt\u00ed pat\u0159ily \u017een\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co se zde na\u0161la dob\u0159e zachovan\u00e1 kostry star\u00e9 \u017eeny bez stopy n\u00e1siln\u00e9 smrti, teze o lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011btech dostala trhliny a naopak se pos\u00edlila verze o pokojn\u00fdch poh\u0159bech.<\/p>\n

V hloubce asi 60 m pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di na\u0161li velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a st\u0159epy keramick\u00fdch n\u00e1dob r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f a velikost\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako kamenn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. St\u011bny jsou pokryty obr\u00e1zky vln, spir\u00e1l a zv\u00ed\u0159at, nap\u0159. jagu\u00e1ra, kter\u00fd byl spojen s vodou a jeskyn\u011bmi. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed trosek chr\u00e1mov\u00e9ho komplexu uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee jeho podlaha je pokryt\u00e1 vrstvou z mnoha kousk\u016f keramiky. St\u011bny byly z v\u00e1pencov\u00e9ho tufu, vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9ho nedaleko odtud.<\/p>\n

Datov\u00e1n\u00ed artefakt\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st poch\u00e1z\u00ed z rann\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina z obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed koncem maysk\u00e9 civilizace, kdy bylo podle National Geographic, pot\u0159eba uspokojit maysk\u00e9ho boha de\u0161t\u011b Chaac, kter\u00fd \u017eil v hlubin\u00e1ch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kult boh\u016f vody Maya<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u016fkazy o uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed boh\u016f b\u011bhem sucha byly d\u0159\u00edve nalezeny v jin\u00e9 cenote u starobyl\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Caracol, co\u017e ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b znamen\u00e1 “ulita”. V d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch se m\u011bsto naz\u00fdvalo Oshuitsa – a zde pod 43 metr\u016f vysok\u00e9 pyramid\u011b se cenote nach\u00e1zela.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho vedlo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed boha vody, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det poutn\u00edk\u016f do Chr\u00e1mu vody. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se v\u011bdci sna\u017e\u00ed zjistit vznik jezera, stejn\u011b jako i v jak\u00e9m obdob\u00ed maysk\u00e9 historie byl Chr\u00e1m vody postaven.<\/p>\n

V IX. \u2013 X. stolet\u00ed n.l. obyvatel\u00e9 n\u00e1hle opustili mnoho velk\u00fdch m\u011bst, a v dob\u011b, kdy p\u0159i\u0161li Evropan\u00e9 maysk\u00e1 kultura byla u\u017e v \u00fapadku. Jako jeden z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f pro masov\u00fd exodus obyvatelstva se b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010duje sucho, kter\u00e9 zas\u00e1hlo St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriku. V\u00fdzkum jeskynn\u00edch kr\u00e1pn\u00edk\u016f vedl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u00farove\u0148 hladiny vody se \u010dasov\u011b shodoval s n\u00e1r\u016fstem vlhkosti a pokles – s obdob\u00edm sucha.<\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edve byly p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 teorie pro \u00fapadek maysk\u00e9 civilizace. T\u0159eba \u017ee Mayov\u00e9 m\u011bli nezodpov\u011bdn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nebo \u017ee to zp\u016fsobily nep\u0159irozen\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v regionu. Tyto hypot\u00e9zy byly p\u0159edlo\u017eeny p\u0159ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sto lety a st\u00e1le vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed mnoho spor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Odkazy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) http:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cenote<\/a><\/em>
\n(2) http:\/\/www.ucmerced.edu\/content\/holley-moyes<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdci objevili v Belize starobyl\u00e9 ruiny chr\u00e1mu, a mnoho maysk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1dob.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,7,60,49],"class_list":["post-5360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-mayove","tag-mexiko"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5360"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5383,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5360\/revisions\/5383"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}