{"id":5392,"date":"2025-12-20T00:07:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T23:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=5392"},"modified":"2026-01-13T21:21:06","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T20:21:06","slug":"panamska-krize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2025\/12\/20\/panamska-krize\/","title":{"rendered":"Panamsk\u00e1 krize"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>20.&nbsp;prosinec je v&nbsp;Panam\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm dnem n\u00e1rodn\u00edho smutku. Je to proto, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 napadly 20.&nbsp;prosince 1989 Panamu.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem invaze bylo svrhnout panamsk\u00e9ho dikt\u00e1tora Manuela Noriegu a z\u00e1minkou byla ochrana americk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f a z\u00e1jm\u016f v&nbsp;oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi tyto z\u00e1jmy pat\u0159il a dodnes pat\u0159\u00ed Panamsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav a n\u011bkolik americk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen s&nbsp;tis\u00edc\u00ed voj\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 v&nbsp;Panam\u011b byli. Nem\u00e9n\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 bylo i pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a v\u00fdnosn\u00fd obchod s&nbsp;narkotiky, kter\u00e9 Noriega provozoval.<\/p>\n<p>A\u017e do poloviny osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let byl p\u0159itom Noriega v\u011brn\u00fdm a vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm americk\u00fdm spojencem a ro\u010dn\u011b inkasoval stovky tis\u00edc dolar\u016f od CIA, pro kterou pracoval coby agent. D\u00edky t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ci m\u011bl tak\u00e9 v&nbsp;t\u00e9 dob\u011b zaru\u010denou beztrestnost u americk\u00fdch soud\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Od poloviny osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let se v\u0161ak vztahy mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi za\u010daly zhor\u0161ovat, proti \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l nez\u00e1vislej\u0161\u00edmu Noriegovi se v&nbsp;USA zdvihla medi\u00e1ln\u00ed kampa\u0148, a kdy\u017e v&nbsp;roce 1989 neuznal prohran\u00e9 volby a krvav\u011b odrazil pokus o p\u0159evrat, za\u010dali Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 pl\u00e1novat invazi.<\/p>\n<p>Za cenu t\u0159\u00ed set mrtv\u00fdch panamsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a \u0161esti set civilist\u016f (dvacet tis\u00edc jich d\u00edky bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161lo o domovy) byl Noriega svr\u017een, zajat a ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech odsouzen na 30 let.<\/p>\n<p>\u00datok odsoudilo Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN jako\u017eto hrub\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a Organizace americk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f jej ozna\u010dila za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed a po\u017eadovala okam\u017eit\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed americk\u00fdch vojsk. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 vetovali rezoluci Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN, kter\u00e1 po\u017eadovala sta\u017een\u00ed US Army a provedli v&nbsp;Panam\u011b &#8220;pr\u016fzkum&#8221; ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, v&nbsp;n\u011bm\u017e 92% Panamc\u016f vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo souhlas s&nbsp;invaz\u00ed, ov\u0161em je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee tento pr\u016fzkum byl d\u011bl\u00e1n pouze v&nbsp;bohat\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch u americk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen.<\/p>\n<p>George Bush ve funkci \u0159editele CIA byl s&nbsp;Noriegou velk\u00fd kamar\u00e1d. Vp\u00e1d do Panamy byl asi ovlivn\u011bn destrukc\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, USA ji\u017e nepot\u0159ebovaly v&nbsp;oblasti za spolupracovn\u00edky siln\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010de (ze stejn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f byl asi odstran\u011bn i Pablo Escobar). Po roce 1999 sehr\u00e1valo podobnou roli v&nbsp;distribuci narkotik Kosovo jako sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu Panama. Pouze se nejednalo o kokain z&nbsp;Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky do USA, ale o heroin z&nbsp;Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu do Evropy. CIA reprezentuje v&nbsp;t\u00e9to h\u0159e z\u00e1jmy politick\u00e9 i finan\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Manuel Noriega byl spojencem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a od 50.&nbsp;let do 80.&nbsp;let 20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed pracoval i pro CIA. Pozd\u011bji se orientoval nacionalisticky a protiamericky. Podporoval obchod s&nbsp;drogami, poru\u0161oval embargo Kuby. N\u00e1sledn\u011b jej Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty obvinily ze \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee pro Kubu pod vl\u00e1dou Fidela Castra. Na to Noriega zm\u011bnil svoji r\u00e9toriku a za\u010dal ve\u0159ejn\u011b ozna\u010dovat Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty za nep\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem invaze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f do Panamy se Noriega ukr\u00fdval a str\u00e1vil i n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f na velvyslanectv\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho stolce v&nbsp;Panam\u011b pod jeho ochranou jako uprchl\u00edk. Americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dn\u00ed jednotky oblast uzav\u0159ely a obl\u00e9haly velvyslanectv\u00ed. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed byl i psychologick\u00fd n\u00e1tlak, jen\u017e zahrnoval pou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hlasit\u00e9 hudby atd. Arm\u00e1dn\u00ed jednotky nemohly vtrhnout dovnit\u0159 a Noriegu zatknout, proto\u017ee budova vyslanectv\u00ed i jeho pozemek byly majetkem a suver\u00e9nn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm Svat\u00e9ho stolce a byly pod ochranou V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 \u00famluvy.<\/p>\n<p>3.&nbsp;ledna 1990 se Noriega vzdal, byl zat\u010den a odvezen na Floridu, kde byl obvin\u011bn dle feder\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f a postaven p\u0159ed soud. Mimo jin\u00e9 byl obvin\u011bn z&nbsp;pa\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed drog, vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00edho podvodu. Na lavici sv\u011bdk\u016f usedli i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z&nbsp;jeho b\u00fdval\u00fdch spojenc\u016f i jeho nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. Noriega byl nakonec shled\u00e1n vinn\u00fdm a 16.&nbsp;z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1992 byl odsouzen na 40 let. V&nbsp;roce 1999 mu byl tento trest zm\u00edrn\u011bn na 30 let.<\/p>\n<p>O extradici Noriegy po\u017e\u00e1dala v&nbsp;roce 1999 Panama, aby se zde zpov\u00eddal ze zlo\u010din\u016f, je\u017e se staly b\u011bhem jeho vl\u00e1dy. V&nbsp;nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti byl v&nbsp;roce 1995 odsouzen na 20 let odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody. O jeho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1dala rovn\u011b\u017e Francie, kter\u00e1 jej odsoudila za finan\u010dn\u00ed podvod na 10 let. V&nbsp;roce 2010 byl vyd\u00e1n Francii, kde str\u00e1vil 1 rok ve vazb\u011b. V&nbsp;prosinci 2011 jej Francie vydala do Panamy.<\/p>\n<p>V b\u0159eznu roku 2017 se podrobil kv\u016fli n\u00e1lezu n\u00e1doru operaci mozku, posl\u00e9ze se mu spustilo krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se neda\u0159ilo zastavit a upadl do k\u00f3matu. Na n\u00e1sledky krv\u00e1cen\u00ed 29.&nbsp;kv\u011btna t\u00e9ho\u017e roku tak\u00e9 zem\u0159el.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>20.&nbsp;prosinec je v&nbsp;Panam\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm dnem n\u00e1rodn\u00edho smutku. Je to proto, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 napadly 20.&nbsp;prosince 1989 Panamu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[7,224,108],"class_list":["post-5392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-historie","tag-panama","tag-politika"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5395,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5392\/revisions\/5395"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}