{"id":5399,"date":"2026-05-16T00:42:27","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T22:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=5399"},"modified":"2026-01-13T23:08:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T22:08:40","slug":"zahadne-pohrebiste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2026\/05\/16\/zahadne-pohrebiste\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V Peru, pobl\u00ed\u017e pyramidy z&nbsp;obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed Inky, bylo v&nbsp;roce 2012 objeveno v\u00edce ne\u017e sto ostatk\u016f ritu\u00e1ln\u011b zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/strong><!--more--><br \/>\nV\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 o dosp\u011bl\u00e9 mu\u017ee, s&nbsp;v\u00fdjimkou dvou d\u011bt\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e1 jedn\u00e9 \u017eeny. Lid\u00e9 zde poh\u0159ben\u00ed mohli \u017e\u00edt mezi lety 700 a 1375 p\u0159. n. l. T\u011bla jsou nah\u00e1 a n\u011bkter\u00fdm chyb\u00ed hlavy.<\/p>\n<p>Poh\u0159eb o rozm\u011brech 15 x 15 metr\u016f pobl\u00ed\u017e pyramidy Huaca Las Ventanas byl objeven v&nbsp;srpnu 2012, ale zpr\u00e1va o n\u00e1lezu se objevila na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch popul\u00e1rn\u011b-v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu National Geographic na Silvestra. \u010cl\u00e1nek uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee poh\u0159eb pat\u0159\u00ed sik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako Lambayeque. Jej\u00ed z\u00e1stupci ob\u00fdvali severn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Peru je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Ink\u016f, v&nbsp;letech 900 a\u017e 1100 p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n<p>Americk\u00fd archeolog Haagen Klaus z&nbsp;Utah Valley University, kter\u00fd na m\u00edst\u011b vykop\u00e1vek pracoval, v&nbsp;e-mailu pro National Geographic poznamenal, \u017ee sik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 kultura, navzdory obrovsk\u00e9mu masov\u00e9mu hrobu, nebyla v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem. Jejich \u0159\u00ed\u0161e se na sv\u00e9m vrcholu \u2013 kolem roku 1000 p\u0159. n. l. \u2013 rozkl\u00e1dala na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Ekv\u00e1doru a Peru a vzkv\u00e9tala d\u00edky obchodu. T\u011bla poh\u0159ben\u00e1 v&nbsp;j\u00e1m\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b pat\u0159ila m\u00edstn\u00edm lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed se dobrovoln\u011b vzdali smrti, aby \u201ena sv\u011bt\u011b mohl vzniknout nov\u00fd \u017eivot\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eSic\u00e1n byl posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 p\u016fda a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee pouze tam se vykon\u00e1valy nejposv\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly, v\u010detn\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f,\u201c dodal Klaus. Tento poh\u0159eb se nepodob\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu jin\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl dosud objeven mezi sik\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi nekropolemi, co\u017e odborn\u00edk\u016fm zt\u011b\u017euje ur\u010den\u00ed, zda se jedn\u00e1 o ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed poh\u0159eb, nebo o ob\u011btn\u00ed m\u00edsto.<\/p>\n<p>Vedouc\u00ed vykop\u00e1vek, hlavn\u00ed archeolog Jos\u00e9 Pinilla a Carlos Elera, \u0159editel N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea sik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kultury, pouk\u00e1zali na v\u00fdznamn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi nov\u00fdm poh\u0159bem a dal\u0161\u00edmi zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi poh\u0159by v&nbsp;regionu. T\u011bla poh\u0159ben\u00fdch jsou rozh\u00e1zena nahodile. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli rozta\u017een\u00e9 kon\u010detiny, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed byli pevn\u011b p\u0159itisknuti k&nbsp;trupu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed vodorovn\u011b, jin\u00ed jsou ohnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad jedna kostra byla nalezena v&nbsp;pivovaru na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm okraji j\u00e1my. T\u011blo bylo slo\u017een\u00e9 a polo\u017eeno l\u00edcem dol\u016f na 1,3 metru vysok\u00fd keramick\u00fd d\u017eb\u00e1n. Tato n\u00e1doba slou\u017eila k&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dichy, alkoholick\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje podobn\u00e9ho pivu, kter\u00fd se konzumoval na poh\u0159ebn\u00edch hostin\u00e1ch v&nbsp;And\u00e1ch. Lingvist\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee v&nbsp;jazyce peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f Kuna slovo \u201e\u010dicha\u201c znamen\u00e1 \u201ekuku\u0159ice\u201c. P\u0159\u00edtomnost pivovaru hned vedle poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee poh\u0159ebn\u00ed hostina m\u011bla uspokojit nejen pot\u0159eby \u017eiv\u00fdch, ale i mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>V nedalek\u00e9 men\u0161\u00ed j\u00e1m\u011b bylo nalezeno nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvacet useknut\u00fdch hlav. Archeologov\u00e9 dosud neprok\u00e1zali souvislost mezi lebkami a bezhlav\u00fdmi kostlivci. Smrt pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b postihla ob\u011bti p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b budouc\u00ed nekropole, i kdy\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee byly p\u0159edt\u00edm zabity a jejich hlavy byly useknuty. Podle Klause v\u011bdci tuto ot\u00e1zku je\u0161t\u011b mus\u00ed prozkoumat. V&nbsp;j\u00e1m\u011b jsou roztrou\u0161eny keramick\u00e9 hlavy m\u00edstn\u00edho bo\u017estva, kter\u00e9 obvykle zdobily misky s&nbsp;\u010dichou a poh\u0159ebn\u00ed n\u00e1doby. Byly tak\u00e9 nalezeny rozbit\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 hlavy lam, pum, opic, \u017eelv, medv\u011bd\u016f a lid\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci ji\u017e zjistili, \u017ee se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jedn\u00e1 o extr\u00e9mn\u011b pe\u010dliv\u00e9 a \u00famysln\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed artefakt\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Um\u011bleck\u00fd styl keramick\u00fdch n\u00e1dob nazna\u010duje, \u017ee poh\u0159eb byl zasyp\u00e1v\u00e1n ve t\u0159ech f\u00e1z\u00edch. To prob\u00edhalo po pom\u011brn\u011b dlouhou dobu \u2013 od roku 900 do roku 1100 p\u0159. n. l. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se jednalo o dva poh\u0159by a naposledy nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 osoby naru\u0161ily p\u016fvodn\u00ed polohu ostatk\u016f. V&nbsp;d\u016fsledku jejich z\u00e1sahu byly jednotliv\u00e9 j\u00e1my zapln\u011bny lebkami, stehenn\u00edmi kostmi a pa\u017en\u00edmi kostmi.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 byla hromadn\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00edho ritu\u00e1lu na po\u010dest tzv. \u201eP\u00e1na Sicanu\u201c. P\u00e1n Sicanu je antropomorfn\u00ed b\u016fh s&nbsp;\u010delenkou v&nbsp;podob\u011b p\u016flm\u011bs\u00edce, \u010dasto zobrazovan\u00fd s&nbsp;dv\u011bma holemi a n\u011bkdy se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi tes\u00e1ky v&nbsp;tlam\u011b. Jeho obraz byl \u010dasto um\u00edst\u011bn obklopen zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se jeho hrobka nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod velkou j\u00e1mou. V&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byla podle \u0159editele muzea Carlose Elery v&nbsp;nejhlub\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v\u00fdkopu objevena mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b hust\u00e1, zjevn\u011b um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 vrstva hl\u00edny, velmi podobn\u00e1 materi\u00e1lu pou\u017eit\u00e9mu k&nbsp;ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed hrobek p\u00e1n\u016f z&nbsp;Lambayeque.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158editel N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea sik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kultury d\u00e1le poznamenal, \u017ee v&nbsp;60.&nbsp;letech 20.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed lupi\u010di hrobek, kte\u0159\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bli neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky v&nbsp;oblasti mal\u00e9 pyramidy nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Huaca Las Ventanas, hl\u00e1sili, \u017ee p\u0159i cest\u011b k&nbsp;hrobce, kterou m\u011bli vyloupit, narazili na \u010detn\u00e9 kostry.<\/p>\n<p>Japonsko-americk\u00fd archeolog Izumi \u0160imada z&nbsp;Ji\u017en\u00ed Illinoisk\u00e9 univerzity (kter\u00fd je zakladatelem Sikansk\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho projektu a ve skute\u010dnosti dal jm\u00e9no sikansk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e) se b\u011bhem sv\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch expedic opakovan\u011b setk\u00e1val s&nbsp;d\u016fkazy o lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011btech, i kdy\u017e ne v&nbsp;takov\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><em>Obr. Zlat\u00e9 rukavice sikansk\u00e9 kultury<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V Peru, pobl\u00ed\u017e pyramidy z&nbsp;obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed Inky, bylo v&nbsp;roce 2012 objeveno v\u00edce ne\u017e sto ostatk\u016f ritu\u00e1ln\u011b zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,7,4],"class_list":["post-5399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-peru"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5399"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5402,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399\/revisions\/5402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}