{"id":5476,"date":"2026-05-30T00:47:59","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T22:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=5476"},"modified":"2026-05-13T21:54:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T19:54:58","slug":"jak-pouhych-600-vojaku-znicilo-azteckou-risi-a-dobilo-vetsinu-mexika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2026\/05\/30\/jak-pouhych-600-vojaku-znicilo-azteckou-risi-a-dobilo-vetsinu-mexika\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak pouh\u00fdch 600 voj\u00e1k\u016f zni\u010dilo azt\u00e9ckou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a dobilo v\u011bt\u0161inu Mexika"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Po objeven\u00ed Ameriky bylo mnoho Evropan\u016f zmateno.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 byli v&nbsp;rozpac\u00edch z&nbsp;toho, \u017ee objevili n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho, a po mnoho let nev\u011bd\u011bli, co to je. Jakmile byl tento objev potvrzen, za\u010dala senzace. Nejprve za\u010dali \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 kolonizovat Nov\u00fd sv\u011bt, ale probl\u00e9m byl v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee v&nbsp;ned\u00e1vno objeven\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b \u017eily jin\u00e9 civilizace. Jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;nich byli Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Siln\u00e1 Azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tato \u0159\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159eklenula v\u011bt\u0161inu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho Mexika. Struktura \u0159\u00ed\u0161e ale byla trvale nestabiln\u00ed, a proti n\u00ed se bou\u0159ilo mnoho podroben\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 byli neboj\u00e1cn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci s&nbsp;pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eitou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou strukturou. Vl\u00e1dli strachem a jejich ob\u011btn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly to podtrhovaly. Ob\u011btovali nep\u0159\u00e1tele, aby pot\u011b\u0161ili sv\u00e9 bohy. Mnoho kmen\u016f dobyt\u00fdch Azt\u00e9ky, se proto spojilo se \u0160pan\u011bly, aby zni\u010dili sv\u00e9 utla\u010dovatele. Nakonec dostali, co cht\u011bli, ale cena za toto spojenectv\u00ed byla drah\u00e1. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edvali na pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161ila od star\u00e9ho zotro\u010den\u00ed. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 je nepova\u017eovali za sob\u011b rovn\u00e9, vyko\u0159is\u0165ovali je, a mnoho z&nbsp;nich zem\u0159elo na nemoci, hladov\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo bylo zabito.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5479 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ts_jak-600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ts_jak-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/ts_jak-600-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zni\u010den\u00ed Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zni\u010den\u00ed Azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e provedl dobyvatel jm\u00e9nem Hernan Cortes (1485 \u2013 1547). Hernan byl dob\u0159e vzd\u011blan\u00fd, a cht\u011bl cestovat po Nov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed. Tohoto c\u00edle dos\u00e1hl, a vytvo\u0159il si ve \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed opravdu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.<\/p>\n<p>V&nbsp;letech 1516-1518 dorazila k&nbsp;mexick\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdprava \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f. V\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee tato zem\u011b je bohat\u00e1 a pln\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, ale jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, v&nbsp;cel\u00e9m Mexiku ji\u017e \u0159\u00ed\u0161e existovala. V&nbsp;roce 1519 dorazila nov\u00e1 expedice, a Cortes se stal jej\u00edm v\u016fdcem.<\/p>\n<p>K&nbsp;dobyt\u00ed posta\u010dilo asi 400 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a 200 p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od Azt\u00e9k\u016f mohli \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt st\u0159eln\u00e9 zbran\u011b, ale i tak jejich po\u010det byl velmi mal\u00fd, vzhledem k&nbsp;tomu, \u017ee Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 mohli rozm\u00edstit desetkr\u00e1t v\u00edce jednotek. Jak tedy vyhr\u00e1li?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 m\u011bli mnoho nep\u0159\u00e1tel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Azt\u00e9ck\u00fd st\u00e1t byl v&nbsp;tuto chv\u00edli opravdu slab\u00fd a m\u011bl mnoho nep\u0159\u00e1tel. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku dostali \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 pomoc od m\u00edstn\u00edch kmen\u016f &#8211; Totonaki a Tlaxcaltecs. Prob\u011bhla \u0159ada sr\u00e1\u017eek, ale nebyly nijak efektivn\u00ed. Byla to taktika \u201eude\u0159 a ute\u010d\u201c. Mezit\u00edm ale do\u0161lo k&nbsp;povst\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;azt\u00e9ck\u00fdch m\u011bstech kv\u016fli masakru, kter\u00e9ho se Azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 dopustili. Lid\u00e9 byli pobou\u0159eni, a to pomohlo urychlit proces z\u00e1niku cel\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p>Ud\u00e1lost se zapsala do historie jako \u201emasakr Alvarado\u201c, a do\u0161lo k&nbsp;n\u00ed v&nbsp;hlavn\u00edm chr\u00e1mu v&nbsp;azt\u00e9ck\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161ina Azt\u00e9k\u016f brzy onemocn\u011bla ne\u0161tovicemi, a hlad dokonal d\u00edlo zk\u00e1zy. V\u011bt\u0161ina populace azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla zahubena. P\u0159e\u017eilo pouze 15&nbsp;000 a\u017e 25&nbsp;000&nbsp;lid\u00ed. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 je snadno porazili, a od t\u00e9 doby se na map\u00e1ch objevilo Nov\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blsko a dnes je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Mexiko.<\/p>\n<p>Dobyt\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e bylo dokon\u00e1no v&nbsp;roce 1521.<\/p>\n<p>-skm-<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po objeven\u00ed Ameriky bylo mnoho Evropan\u016f zmateno.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[34,62,5,49],"class_list":["post-5476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-aztekove","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-mexiko"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5476"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5478,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5476\/revisions\/5478"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}