{"id":584,"date":"2021-01-16T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-15T23:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=584"},"modified":"2021-01-09T22:09:57","modified_gmt":"2021-01-09T21:09:57","slug":"maysky-amulet-se-stal-senzaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2021\/01\/16\/maysky-amulet-se-stal-senzaci\/","title":{"rendered":"Maysk\u00fd amulet zp\u016fsobil senzaci mezi v\u011bdci"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety byl ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Americe nalezen artefakt, kter\u00fd by mohl zp\u016fsobit senzaci. Teprve nyn\u00ed si toti\u017e v\u011bdci pomalu uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee artefakt je nejen cenn\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem, ale tak\u00e9 velk\u00fdm historick\u00fdm objevem, kter\u00fd zm\u011bn\u00ed na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 maysk\u00e9 civilizace a jej\u00ed st\u00e1tnosti. Jak\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed tedy skr\u00fdv\u00e1 tento cenn\u00fd k\u00e1men?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u200brcheolog Geoffrey Braswell [1] z University v Californii na\u0161el velk\u00fd amulet May\u016f b\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch na archeologick\u00e9m nalezi\u0161ti Nim Li Punit. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch hrobech na\u0161el rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky z jadeitu [2], co\u017e je miner\u00e1l podobn\u00fd nefritu, jen je t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed a vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span>
\n\"\"<\/strong>Nim Li Punit je archeologick\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b maysk\u00e9 civilizace v regionu Toledo na jihu Belize ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Americe. [3] V maysk\u00e9m jazyce v\u00fdraz \u201eNim Li Punit\u201c znamen\u00e1 n\u011bco jako \u201evelk\u00fd klobouk\u201c. Na st\u00e9le, kter\u00e1 byla v m\u00edst\u011b nalezena, jsou lid\u00e9 jsou zobrazeni lid\u00e9 ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch klobouc\u00edch. Objev je pozoruhodn\u00fd nejen pro svou velikost, ale tak\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee je vzd\u00e1len od velk\u00fdch m\u011bst, kde s\u00eddlili v\u016fdci May\u016f. Informace o tomto objevu vy\u0161la v Journal of Ancient Mesoamerica. [4]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/b><\/span>Pokud by do\u0161lo k n\u00e1lezu nap\u0159. v Tikalu,[5] jedn\u00e9 z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch osad May\u016f a hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Mutulsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, nebo v Palenque,[6] politick\u00e9m a kulturn\u00edm centru May\u016f a hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Baakulsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu a nebo snad v Calakmulu, hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Kanulsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu,[7] politick\u00e9m soupe\u0159i Tikalu, cena n\u00e1lezu by se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
M\u00edsto s prohlubn\u00ed, kde byl amulet objeven. Zdroj: unsolvedmysteries.info<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Co se vlastn\u011b na m\u00edst\u011b stalo? B\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek v jednom z maysk\u00fdch pal\u00e1c\u016f bylo mnoho \u00falomk\u016f rozbit\u00e9 keramiky a tak\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f a zub\u016f. Mezi t\u011bmito n\u00e1lezy byl objeven neporu\u0161en\u00fd velk\u00fd zelen\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt. Odborn\u00edci odhaduj\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1lezu na rok 800 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, asi p\u016fl stolet\u00ed po rozkv\u011btu osady Nim Li Punit. K\u00e1men ve tvaru T m\u00e1 19 cm na d\u00e9lku, 10,5 cm na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a jeho tlou\u0161\u0165ka je asi 8 milimetr\u016f. \u00a0<\/span>Co nejv\u00edce udivilo v\u011bdce, jsou tenk\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry, ze kter\u00fdch jsou nakresleny petroglyfy. Bez spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed by Mayov\u00e9 nemohli vepsat do kamenn\u00e9ho amuletu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
St\u00e9ly<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed, pro\u010d byl p\u0159edm\u011bt ve tvaru p\u00edsmene T poh\u0159ben v dutin\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00e9ho tvaru. <\/span>Geoffrey Braswell a jeho kolega z univerzity v Bonnu, Christian Prager, rozlu\u0161tili \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1pisu. Maysk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo tvo\u0159il syst\u00e9m verb\u00e1ln\u00edch a slabi\u010dn\u00fdch znak\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee v\u011bc pat\u0159ila jednomu z maysk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f, jm\u00e9nem Janaab Ohl K’inich, kter\u00fd usedl na tr\u016fn v roce 652. Ze studia kultury May\u016f je t\u00e9\u017e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee vl\u00e1dci m\u011bli z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou hodnost. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl kn\u011bz Janaab Ohl K’inich zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin. B\u011bhem n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho ob\u0159adu k vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed de\u0161t\u011b m\u011bl kn\u011bz na krku tento p\u0159edm\u011bt. Vyobrazen\u00ed Janaab Ohl K’inicha s t\u00edmto amuletem se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na dvou kamenn\u00fdch st\u00e9l\u00e1ch, nalezen\u00fdch archeology v Nim Lee-Punit u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. St\u00e9ly poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z let 721 a 731.<\/span>
\nHypot\u00e9za vznikla ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee na p\u0159edn\u00ed stran\u011b artefaktu je vyryto n\u011bco, co m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipom\u00ednat na\u0161e p\u00edsmeno \u201eT\u201c. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hieroglyfu IK – \u201ev\u00edtr a dech\u201c. Talisman pomohl apelovat na tv\u016frce a vl\u00e1dce sv\u011bta, d\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho syny a dcery, p\u00e1na bou\u0159ky, v\u011btru a vich\u0159ice, ke kter\u00e9mu se obracelo \u201esrdce nebe\u201c nebo \u201esrdce zem\u011b.\u201c <\/span>Jeho jm\u00e9no Huracan znamen\u00e1 \u201ejednonoh\u00fd\u201c, jak se zn\u00e1zor\u0148ovalo toto bo\u017estvo May\u016f pot\u00e9, co se slou\u010dily star\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o boz\u00edch v\u011btru a hromu spolu s obrazem starov\u011bk\u00e9ho bo\u017estva Tezcatlipoca – tedy hieroglyf, podobn\u00fd p\u00edsmenu \u201eT\u201c. M\u011bl t\u0159i podoby: Caculh\u00e1-Huracan, Chipi-Caculh\u00e1 a Rasha-Caculh\u00e1. V\u0161echny byly spojeny s bleskem. A blesk znamen\u00e1 d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a ten zase dobrou \u00farodu.<\/span>
\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee n\u00e1pis na talismanu sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o politick\u00e9 situaci v \u0159\u00ed\u0161i star\u00fdch May\u016f. Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edk nebyl vyroben v Nim Li Punit. Jadeit se t\u011b\u017e\u00ed v horsk\u00fdch oblastech \"\"Guatemaly. Co\u017e nen\u00ed nic neobvykl\u00e9ho, jsou mnoh\u00e1 \u010detn\u00e1 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o dob\u0159e zaveden\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch mezi mnoha mal\u00fdmi m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi maysk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Ale s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed se amulet dostal do Nim Li Punit ze severn\u00edch oblast\u00ed zem\u011b spolu se sv\u00fdm majitelem.\u00a0<\/span>Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o prvn\u00ed d\u016fkaz p\u0159\u00edtomnosti imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed moci v t\u00e9to oblasti. Jedn\u00e1 se o nejstar\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lez n\u00e1pisu tohoto druhu v Nim Li Punit. Krom\u011b toho je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soused ze severu hledal v ji\u017en\u00edch provinci\u00edch politick\u00e9 spojence. <\/span><\/p>\n


\nV ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde o doklad vazeb mezi ob\u011bma regiony. D\u0159\u00edve tyto vztahy nebyly zn\u00e1my. \u201eNe\u010dekali jsme, \u017ee najdeme stopy kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 dynastie a politick\u00e9ho spojenectv\u00ed,\u201c \u2013 komentoval Braswell svou hypot\u00e9zu. \u00a0<\/span>Vzhledem k vysok\u00e9 cen\u011b samotn\u00e9ho drah\u00e9ho kamene, \u200b\u200bjeho historickou hodnotu nelze vy\u010d\u00edslit. Proto byl um\u00edst\u011bn v jednom z trezor\u016f Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Banky v Belize.[8]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Geoffrey Braswell. UC San Diego. Online: http:\/\/anthro.ucsd.edu\/people\/faculty\/faculty-profiles\/geoffrey-braswell.html<\/a><\/span>
\n[2] Jadeit. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jadeit<\/a><\/span>
\n[3] Nim Li Punit. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nim_Li_Punit<\/a><\/span>
\n[4] Christian M. Prager (a1) and Geoffrey E. Braswell: MAYA POLITICS AND RITUAL: AN IMPORTANT NEW HIEROGLYPHIC TEXT ON A CARVED JADE FROM BELIZE. Volume 27, Issue 2, October 2016, pp. 267-278. Internet:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095653611600033X<\/a><\/span>
\n[5] Tikal. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tikal<\/a><\/span>
\n[6] Palenque. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palenque<\/a><\/span>
\n[7] Calakmul. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calakmul<\/a><\/span>
\n[8] Central Bank of Belize. Online: https:\/\/www.centralbank.org.bz\/<\/a><\/span>
\n[9] \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. 04.03.2017. Online: https:\/\/www.pravda.ru\/science\/eureka\/hypotheses\/04-03-2017\/1326408-maya_amulett-0\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed dv\u011bma lety byl ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Americe nalezen artefakt, kter\u00fd by mohl zp\u016fsobit senzaci. Teprve nyn\u00ed si toti\u017e v\u011bdci pomalu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,60,49,48,50,43],"class_list":["post-584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-mayove","tag-mexiko","tag-pocasi","tag-ritualy","tag-zahady"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=584"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2866,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/584\/revisions\/2866"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}