{"id":683,"date":"2022-01-29T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-28T23:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=683"},"modified":"2022-01-28T11:02:24","modified_gmt":"2022-01-28T10:02:24","slug":"mayskou-civilizaci-zahubilo-sucho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2022\/01\/29\/mayskou-civilizaci-zahubilo-sucho\/","title":{"rendered":"Mayskou civilizaci zahubilo sucho"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kvetouc\u00ed st\u0159edoamerickou civilizaci zahubilo dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z detailn\u00edch klimatologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bl t\u00fdm veden\u00fd Geraldem Haugem [1][2] z geologick\u00e9ho institutu univerzity v Curychu.\u00a0<\/span>Z\u00e1kladem slo\u017eit\u00e9 organizace maysk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti byla velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta na mexick\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b Yucatan. V osm\u00e9m stolet\u00ed v nich \u017eilo a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3n\u016f ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak civilizace rychle upadala a dodnes nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina jej\u00edho konce.\u00a0<\/span>Nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci po studiu usazenin v severovenezuelsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu Cariaco stanovili t\u0159i obdob\u00ed velk\u00e9ho sucha, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edhala v letech 810, 860 a 910 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. Stejn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 i krizov\u00fdm etap\u00e1m maysk\u00e9 historie.<\/span>
\n Haug se sv\u00fdmi kolegy p\u0159i\u0159adil k jednotliv\u00fdm vrstv\u00e1m usazenin ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1hy a sucha a detailn\u011b po 50 mikrometrech analyzovali koncentraci titanu.<\/span>Ten je indik\u00e1torem siln\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f, proto\u017ee ty ho vym\u00fdvaj\u00ed z p\u016fdy a \u0159ek a odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ho a\u017e do oce\u00e1nu, kde se usazuje na dn\u011b. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3nn\u00ed rozd\u00edl jeho obsahu v p\u016fd\u011b je a\u017e 30 %.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eSoust\u0159edili jsme se na obdob\u00ed 9. a 10. stolet\u00ed a provedli jsme \u0161est tis\u00edc m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ve 30 cm usazenin,<\/em>\u201c uvedl Haug v rozhovoru pro New Scientist [3]: \u201cNa\u0161li jsme t\u0159i obdob\u00ed velk\u00e9ho sucha, kter\u00e9 trvalo asi sto let.<\/em>\u201c<\/span>
\n Tato zm\u011bna klimatu b\u011bhem dev\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed podle \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f spole\u010dnost May\u016f \u201epostr\u010dila na okraj propasti.\u201c\u00a0<\/span>Mayov\u00e9 byli zn\u00e1m\u00ed svoj\u00ed a\u017e hysterickou z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na slo\u017eit\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee obdob\u00ed sucha se opakovala po 208 letech, co\u017e se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 206-let\u00e9mu cyklu slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivity. Ten i tak zku\u0161en\u00ed astronomov\u00e9, jak\u00fdm Mayov\u00e9 byli, neznali, a tak nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee obdob\u00ed sucha skon\u010d\u00ed.\"\"<\/span>
\n Pokud by to v\u011bd\u011bli, soud\u00ed v\u011bdci, mohla jejich civilizace p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt.<\/span>
\n Av\u0161ak jin\u00ed v\u011bdci, specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na tuto civilizac\u00ed, jsou k podobn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm skepti\u010dt\u00ed. Mayov\u00e9 se b\u011bhem 1500 let sv\u00e9 historie p\u0159ed uveden\u00fdm obdob\u00edm vypracovali na v\u00fdborn\u00e9 vodohospod\u00e1\u0159e – stav\u011bli kan\u00e1ly, n\u00e1dr\u017ee, akvadukty. \u201dJak\u00e9koliv z\u00e1v\u011bry nemohou vych\u00e1zet pouze z jednoho faktoru. P\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00ed, ekologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a ekonomick\u00e9 faktory tak\u00e9 hr\u00e1ly svoji roli v tom, \u017ee se toto st\u0159edoamerick\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium stalo vratk\u00fdm,<\/em>\u201c upozor\u0148uje Jeremy Sabloff<\/strong>. [4] \u201cOv\u0161em mo\u017enost, \u017ee zm\u011bna klimatu sehr\u00e1la svoji roli, roste.<\/em>\u201d<\/span>
\n Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee byla tou “sl\u00e1mkou, kter\u00e1 zlomila vaz p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho velblouda,<\/em>” soud\u00ed Sabloff. V\u00fdzkumy v\u0161ak v\u016fbec nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dily archeologa Normana Hammonda<\/strong>, [5] kter\u00fd upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee severn\u00ed metropole Chichen Itz\u00e1 byla kvetouc\u00edm s\u00eddlem a\u017e do 13. stolet\u00ed, i kdy\u017e tak\u00e9 pro\u0161la sv\u00fdm obdob\u00edm sucha. [6]<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka T.S.:<\/span>
\n Na z\u00e1klad\u011b teorie v\u011bdc\u016f v \u010dele s Geraldem Haugem a podle rozmluvy s archeology na m\u00edst\u011b nalezi\u0161\u0165 v oblasti severn\u00edho Peru se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee z\u00e1nik mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch jihoamerick\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinilo pr\u00e1v\u011b dlouh\u00e9 obdob\u00ed sucha.\u00a0<\/span>To, co se \u0159ada lid\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed vysv\u011btlit za pomoci nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch sil, byl jen hol\u00fd boj o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a ztr\u00e1ta moci nad obyvatelstvem, v d\u016fsledku ekonomick\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof a jejich p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed na jin\u00e1 m\u00edsta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odkazy:<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Haug, Gerald, Prof. Dr., Department of Earth Sciences, Online: https:\/\/www.erdw.ethz.ch\/en\/people\/profile.html?persid=95440<\/a><\/span>
\n [2] Gerald Haug. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerald_Haug<\/a><\/span>
\n [3] Gaia Vince: Intense droughts blamed for Mayan collapse. newscientist.com. 13.03.2003. Online: https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn3502-intense-droughts-blamed-for-mayan-collapse\/<\/a><\/span>
\n [4] Jerry Sabloff. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerry_Sabloff<\/a><\/span>
\n [5] Norman Hammond. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Hammond<\/a><\/span>
\n [6] Gerald H. Haug a kol.: Climate and the Collapse of Maya Civilization. Science 14 Mar 2003: Vol. 299, Issue 5613, pp. 1731-1735. Internet: http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/299\/5613\/1731<\/a> – pdf: http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.570.4041&rep=rep1&type=pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kvetouc\u00ed st\u0159edoamerickou civilizaci zahubilo dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z detailn\u00edch klimatologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bl t\u00fdm veden\u00fd Geraldem Haugem z geologick\u00e9ho institutu univerzity v Curychu.\u00a0Z\u00e1kladem slo\u017eit\u00e9 organizace maysk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti byla velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta na mexick\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b Yucatan. V osm\u00e9m stolet\u00ed v nich \u017eilo a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3n\u016f ob\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":687,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,52,5,60,49,33,48],"class_list":["post-683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-ekologie","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-mayove","tag-mexiko","tag-moche","tag-pocasi"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=683"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4024,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions\/4024"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}