{"id":896,"date":"2020-08-29T00:10:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T22:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=896"},"modified":"2020-07-30T15:29:03","modified_gmt":"2020-07-30T13:29:03","slug":"chavin-de-huantar-sve-nejvetsi-tajemstvi-stale-ukryva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2020\/08\/29\/chavin-de-huantar-sve-nejvetsi-tajemstvi-stale-ukryva\/","title":{"rendered":"Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar: Sv\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed st\u00e1le ukr\u00fdv\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar &#8211; tunely, kamenn\u00fd totem zvan\u00fd Lanz\u00f3n a protiteroristick\u00e1 operace na japonsk\u00e9 ambas\u00e1d\u011b. Jak to spolu souvis\u00ed? Poj\u010fme se na to pod\u00edvat v&nbsp;t\u00e9to v\u00fdprav\u011b, kterou jsme p\u0159ed \u010dasem uskute\u010dnili.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_929\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-929\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-929 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1021-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Huaraz a jeho denn\u00ed kolorit. Foto: T. St\u011bhule\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1021-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1021-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1021-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1021.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-929\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Huaraz a jeho denn\u00ed kolorit. Foto: St\u011bhule, T.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Vyr\u00e1\u017e\u00edme brzy r\u00e1no z&nbsp;horsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Huaraz (nal\u00e9z\u00e1 se v&nbsp;provincii stejn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na, regionu Ancash, ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 3052&nbsp;m.n.m), sm\u011brem k&nbsp;na\u0161emu tajupln\u00e9mu c\u00edli &#8211; chr\u00e1mu v&nbsp;Chav\u00ednu. Sm\u011b\u0159ujeme k&nbsp;vesnici Catac a odtud pojedeme d\u00e1le do hor.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00edme n\u00e1dhernou krajinou poho\u0159\u00ed Cordillera Blanca (B\u00edl\u00e9 Kordilery), kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdm um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm d\u00e1vaj\u00ed hlavn\u00edmu m\u011bstu regionu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed r\u00e1z. Ne nadarmo se m\u00edstu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko. V&nbsp;d\u00e1lce vid\u00edme zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 vrcholky hor a tak se t\u011b\u0161\u00edme, \u017ee bude na co koukat. N\u011bkde tam v&nbsp;d\u00e1lce je i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora Peru, legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Huascar\u00e1n. (6768&nbsp;m n.m.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Po n\u011bjak\u00e9m \u010dase zastavujeme pobl\u00ed\u017e laguny Querococha, kde si d\u00e1v\u00e1me asi 15 minut pauzu a od m\u00edstn\u00edch lid\u00ed nakupujeme n\u011bco na zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed. Je n\u00e1m docela zima. Querococha je pouze jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 400 jezer \u00fadol\u00ed nazvan\u00e9ho Callej\u00f3n de Huaylas, [1] ale nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u00e1dhern\u00fd v\u00fdhled na poho\u0159\u00ed Cordillera Blanca. I kdy\u017e jsme pouh\u00fdch 57 km od Huarazu, p\u0159\u00edroda kolem vyza\u0159uje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed osobit\u00e9 kouzlo. Laguna le\u017e\u00ed bl\u00edzko silnice, ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 3.980&nbsp;m.n.m, kterou d\u00e1le pokra\u010dujeme do Chav\u00ednu.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-896 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0878.jpg' title=\"IMG_0878\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0878\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0878-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0892.jpg' title=\"IMG_0892\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0892\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0892-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DSC02856.jpg' title=\"DSC02856\" data-rl_title=\"DSC02856\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DSC02856-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DSC02860.jpg' title=\"DSC02860\" data-rl_title=\"DSC02860\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DSC02860-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0901.jpg' title=\"IMG_0901\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0901\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0901-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0885.jpg' title=\"IMG_0885\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0885\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0885-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Kamar\u00e1d Jorge, kter\u00fd cestuje s&nbsp;n\u00e1mi, n\u00e1m cestou ukazuje skaln\u00ed prohlubeninu, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdm tvarem p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 mapu Peru. Nejd\u0159\u00edv to tak nevypad\u00e1, ale jak se autobus p\u0159ibli\u017euje a ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed, z&nbsp;ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u00fahlu prol\u00e1klina mapu Peru skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 a tak v\u0161ichni fot\u00ed jako o z\u00e1vod.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_912\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-912\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-912 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0925-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Skaln\u00ed \u00fatvar, sv\u00fdm tvarem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed mapu Peru. Foto: T. St\u011bhule\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0925-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0925-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0925-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0925.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-912\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Skaln\u00ed \u00fatvar, sv\u00fdm tvarem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed mapu Peru. Foto: St\u011bhule, T.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Samotn\u00e1 obec Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve spr\u00e1vn\u00ed oblasti stejn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na, v&nbsp;provincii Huari. Archeologick\u00fd komplex se pak nach\u00e1z\u00ed na soutoku \u0159ek Huacheksa a Mosna v&nbsp;horn\u00edm povod\u00ed \u0159eky Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, kter\u00fd fungoval ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Ink\u016f jako spojovac\u00ed bod na cest\u011b z&nbsp;pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed do d\u017eungle. To vedlo k&nbsp;jeho r\u016fstu a v\u00fdznamu p\u0159i dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a p\u0159eprav\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Jak do\u0161lo k&nbsp;objevu?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">V roce 1616, <strong>Antonio V\u00e1zquez de Espinosa<\/strong> [2] vytvo\u0159il prvn\u00ed popis chr\u00e1m\u016f podle v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel. A\u017e daleko pozd\u011bji, v&nbsp;roce 1873 nav\u0161t\u00edvil m\u00edsta italsk\u00fd cestovatel <strong>Antonio Raimondi<\/strong>, [3] kter\u00e9ho chr\u00e1my velmi zaj\u00edmaly, ale byl to tak\u00e9 on, kdo si st\u011b\u017eoval, \u017ee osadn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stavby jako kamenolom pro stavbu sv\u00fdch dom\u016f. D\u00edky n\u011bmu do\u0161lo k&nbsp;osv\u011bt\u011b a o m\u00edst\u011b se za\u010dalo mluvit i v&nbsp;odborn\u00fdch kruz\u00edch. O deset let pozd\u011bji, v&nbsp;roce 1883, n\u011bmeck\u00fd antropolog <strong>Ernst W. Middendorf<\/strong>, [4] prozkoumal m\u00edsto objeven\u00ed velk\u00e9ho schodi\u0161t\u011b vedouc\u00ed k&nbsp;Chr\u00e1mov\u00e9mu n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed nazvan\u00e9mu Plaza Mayor. Od roku 1919 zde prov\u00e1d\u011bl pr\u016fzkumy peru\u00e1nsk\u00fd archeolog <strong>Julio C. Tello<\/strong>, [5] kter\u00fd pomohl k&nbsp;v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu v\u011bhlasu m\u00edsta. Dnes je Chav\u00edn pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jedno z&nbsp;nejstar\u0161\u00edch s\u00eddel peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kultury, kter\u00e9 dalo velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vzniknout dal\u0161\u00edm andsk\u00fdm civilizac\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Uvnit\u0159 chr\u00e1mu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Jedna z&nbsp;prvn\u00edch hypot\u00e9z (A. V. Espinoza, pozn. T.S.) \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Chav\u00edn bylo m\u00edsto starod\u00e1vn\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed sem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161li z&nbsp;velk\u00fdch d\u00e1lek, aby uct\u00edvali m\u00edstn\u00ed bohy. Chav\u00edn nen\u00ed jen svatyn\u011b, ale celkem jde o oblast rozd\u011blenou do celkem 17 ha. A jako t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u v\u0161eho v&nbsp;Peru, prozat\u00edm byly prozkoum\u00e1ny pouze 3 ha.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Dnes je Chav\u00edn (3177&nbsp;m.n.m) jednou z&nbsp;12 pam\u00e1tek sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO, kter\u00e9 Peru nab\u00edz\u00ed. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se 462 km od Limy a jen 86 km od m\u011bsta Huaraz. Doba jeho os\u00eddlen\u00ed se datuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b mezi roky 1500 a 300 p\u0159ed n.l. a d\u00e1 se za\u0159adit do tzv. z\u00e1kladn\u00ed teokratick\u00e9 kultury, podobn\u011b jako kultura Olm\u00e9ck\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_914\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-914\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-914 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0940-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A jsme na m\u00edst\u011b... Foto: T. St\u011bhule\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0940-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0940-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0940-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0940.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-914\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">A jsme na m\u00edst\u011b&#8230; Foto: St\u011bhule, T.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Nejimpozantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavbou komplexu je zcela ur\u010dit\u011b Templo Mayor, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad stavebn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed obyvatel t\u00e9 doby. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Zjistilo se, \u017ee samotn\u00fd Chav\u00edn ob\u00fdvalo jen n\u011bkolik kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li do chr\u00e1mu, byli poutn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli s&nbsp;nab\u00eddkami ke sv\u00fdm boh\u016fm. Lid\u00e9 z&nbsp;t\u00e9to kultury m\u011bly na svou dobu vysoce rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, jejich hlavn\u00edm zdrojem potravy byla kuku\u0159ice, stejn\u011b jako d\u00fdn\u011b, r\u016fzn\u00e9 boby, brambory, quinoa [6] a ara\u0161\u00eddy. Jejich hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata byla klasick\u00e1 andsk\u00e1, jako lamy, alpaky a mor\u010data.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-896 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0944.jpg' title=\"IMG_0944\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0944\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0944-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-915\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-915'>\n\t\t\t\tmodel chr\u00e1mu jak vypadal kdysi.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0958.jpg' title=\"IMG_0958\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0958\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0958-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-919\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-919'>\n\t\t\t\ta jak\u00e1 je skute\u010dnost nyn\u00ed&#8230;\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0973.jpg' title=\"IMG_0973\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0973\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0973-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm aspektem Chav\u00ednu je p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u011bkolika galeri\u00ed, postaven\u00fdch na n\u011bkolika \u00farovn\u00edch uvnit\u0159 budov. Jedn\u00e1 se o vnit\u0159n\u00ed prostory, postaven\u00e9 pl\u00e1novit\u011b v\u010detn\u011b komplexn\u00edho odvodn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed a osv\u011btlen\u00ed. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u00edm \u00fakolem t\u011bchto prostor bylo slou\u017eit jako jevi\u0161t\u011b pro ob\u0159ady omezen\u00e9ho charakteru, kter\u00e9ho se mohly z\u00fa\u010dastnit jen vyvolen\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a lid\u00e9. V&nbsp;jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech galerie slou\u017eily jako \u00falo\u017en\u00fd prostor pro ob\u011btiny a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty, jako jsou mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mu\u0161le (pututos), [7] kter\u00e9 byly kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v&nbsp;nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ob\u0159adech konan\u00fdch v&nbsp;Chav\u00ednu.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-896 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0953.jpg' title=\"IMG_0953\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0953\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0953-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0957.jpg' title=\"IMG_0957\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0957\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0957-720x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-918\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-918'>\n\t\t\t\tpoz\u016fstatky vodn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0980.jpg' title=\"IMG_0980\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0980\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0980-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-923\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-923'>\n\t\t\t\thlavn\u00ed vstup do chr\u00e1mu byl zde\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1010.jpg' title=\"IMG_1010\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_1010\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1010-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0989.jpg' title=\"IMG_0989\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0989\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-3\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0989-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-924\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-924'>\n\t\t\t\t&#8220;vnit\u0159n\u00ed&#8221; n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed, odtud se dnes vstupuje do tunel\u016f\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je sloupov\u00ed p\u0159i vstupu do hlavn\u00ed svatyn\u011b. Vstup m\u00e1 dva v\u00e1lcov\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 sloupy, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsu, jej\u00ed\u017e ji\u017en\u00ed polovina je vytvo\u0159ena z&nbsp;b\u00edl\u00e9ho kamene, zat\u00edmco severn\u00ed je vytvo\u0159ena z&nbsp;\u010dern\u00e9ho kamene. V\u00fdznam m\u016f\u017eeme hledat v&nbsp;dualit\u011b, nebo l\u00e9pe v&nbsp;existenci dvou sv\u011bt\u016f. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Sloupy na sob\u011b maj\u00ed vyryt\u00e9 obrazy antropomorfn\u00edho b\u00e1jn\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka, samici na severu a samce na jihu. Ve viditeln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u0159\u00edmsy jsou vy\u0159ez\u00e1ny postavy sedmi pt\u00e1k\u016f od jihu k&nbsp;severu a p\u0159esn\u011b tolik i v&nbsp;opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru. Tak\u017ee je zde zastoupen mu\u017esk\u00fd a \u017eensk\u00fd princip. Tyto sloupy vyjad\u0159ovaly vstup do jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Sloupov\u00ed pat\u0159ilo k&nbsp;posledn\u00edmu \u00faseku ob\u0159adn\u00edho obvodu, kter\u00fd za\u010dal na ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed (Plaza Mayor), a pot\u00e9 ji\u017e pokra\u010doval v&nbsp;prostor\u00e1ch svatyn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_920\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-920\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-920 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0967-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Chav\u00ednsk\u00e1 observato\u0159 - do prohlubn\u00ed se nal\u00e9vala voda a v odrazech bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat hv\u011bzdy. Foto: T. St\u011bhule\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0967-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0967-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0967-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0967.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-920\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Chav\u00ednsk\u00e1 astronomick\u00e1 observato\u0159 &#8211; do prohlubn\u00ed se nal\u00e9vala voda a v&nbsp;odrazech bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat hv\u011bzdy. Foto: St\u011bhule, T.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Vodn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Chav\u00edn m\u011bl slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m kan\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00fd byl schopen \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odv\u00e1d\u011bt prosakuj\u00edc\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ovou vodu. Hlavn\u00edm z&nbsp;nich byl tzv. Skaln\u00ed kan\u00e1l (Canal Rocas), kter\u00fd p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bl vodu z&nbsp;nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch budov a\u017e do \u0159eky Mosna. [8] Tak\u00e9 se uva\u017euje nad teori\u00ed, \u017ee tyto kan\u00e1ly mohly slou\u017eit k&nbsp;tajn\u00e9mu p\u0159emis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed osob a existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty byly ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny v&nbsp;kan\u00e1lech jako ob\u011bti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt odneseny vodou. V\u0161echny monument\u00e1ln\u00ed domy a svatyn\u011b maj\u00ed vybudovan\u00fd dren\u00e1\u017en\u00ed syst\u00e9m, z&nbsp;nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 dosud nebyly objeveny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Tunely a z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 akce na japonsk\u00e9m velvyslanectv\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_900\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-900\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-900\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/chavin-de-huantar-peru-customized-travel-company-300x179.jpg\" alt=\"podzemn\u00ed komplex. Zdroj: internet\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/chavin-de-huantar-peru-customized-travel-company-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/chavin-de-huantar-peru-customized-travel-company-768x458.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/chavin-de-huantar-peru-customized-travel-company.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-900\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">podzemn\u00ed komplex. Zdroj: internet<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">T\u011b\u0161\u00edm se, a\u017e uvid\u00edme legend\u00e1rn\u00ed tunely pod komplexem. Je to n\u011bco, o \u010dem jsme si pov\u00eddali celou cestu a rozv\u00edjeli teorie, k&nbsp;\u010demu a jak fungovaly. Ale popo\u0159ad\u011b.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Po vstupu do podzemn\u00edho komplexu si uv\u011bdom\u00edte, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o slo\u017eitou s\u00ed\u0165 podzemn\u00ed chodeb, kter\u00e9 byly osv\u011btleny sporadicky na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech. Cel\u00e9 to p\u016fsobilo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed mystikou. Kdy\u017e ten labyrint vid\u00edte na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 se v\u00e1m zato\u010d\u00ed hlava, kdy\u017e si p\u0159edstav\u00edte, jak t\u011bmi m\u00edsty proch\u00e1zeli p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bli v\u011bci, o jejich\u017e smyslu nem\u00e1me ani pon\u011bt\u00ed. <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto tunely se staly inspirac\u00ed pro jednu z&nbsp;nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch akc\u00ed na z\u00e1chranu rukojm\u00ed v&nbsp;Peru. V&nbsp;roce 1997, v&nbsp;akci nazvan\u00e9 \u201cOperace Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar\u201d, 140 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch sil vstoupilo na japonskou ambas\u00e1du v&nbsp;Lim\u011b, pr\u00e1v\u011b tunelem, s&nbsp;c\u00edlem zachr\u00e1nit rukojm\u00ed, v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fdch na ambas\u00e1d\u011b po dobu 126&nbsp;dn\u00ed \u010dtrn\u00e1cti \u010dleny teroristick\u00e9 skupiny MRTA. [9]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Ale to, co v\u00e1m vyraz\u00ed dech, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed a\u017e na sam\u00e9m konci labyrintu. Jedn\u00e1 se o obrovsk\u00fd kamenn\u00fd totem, zvan\u00fd Lanz\u00f3n. Je vysok\u00fd 4,54 metr\u016f, do kter\u00e9ho jsou vy\u0159ez\u00e1ny podoby antropomorfn\u00edch boh\u016f. Lanz\u00f3n je um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd n\u011bkolik metr\u016f pod zem\u00ed a je k&nbsp;n\u011bmu p\u0159\u00edstup jedinou \u00fazkou chodbou.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Hlava Lanz\u00f3nu, zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje ko\u010dkovitou \u0161elmu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jagu\u00e1ra a je t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho t\u011blo. Figura m\u00e1 i vlasy, kter\u00e9 ov\u0161em nahrazuj\u00ed hadi. Krom\u011b uveden\u00e9ho m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 velk\u00e9 zuby, dr\u00e1py na rukou a nohou a obrovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1u\u0161nice.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery galleryid-896 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/lanzon_chavin.jpg' title=\"lanzon_chavin\" data-rl_title=\"lanzon_chavin\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/lanzon_chavin-550x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-930\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-930'>\n\t\t\t\tzdroj: internet\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0999.jpg' title=\"IMG_0999\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0999\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0999-720x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-925\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-925'>\n\t\t\t\tTotem je kr\u00e1sn\u011b nasv\u00edcen\u00fd.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee poutn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li do Chav\u00ednu, p\u0159ed vstupem do bludi\u0161t\u011b chodeb, pili ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1poj z&nbsp;kaktusu San Pedro (popul\u00e1rn\u00ed halucinogenn\u00ed kaktus). Jakmile byli uvnit\u0159, ve sv\u011bt\u011b polost\u00ednu, byli vedeni zvukem vody, kter\u00e1 byla vypou\u0161t\u011bna syst\u00e9mem bran a navozovala tak zvuk, podobn\u00fd \u0159evu jagu\u00e1ra. Ten zvuk je pomalu vedl labyrintem a\u017e k&nbsp;samotn\u00e9mu konci, kde se setkali tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v&nbsp;tv\u00e1\u0159 s&nbsp;velk\u00fdm monolitem &#8211; Lanzonem, skrz jeho\u017e vysok\u00e9 reli\u00e9fy kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed t\u00e9 doby prol\u00e9vali krev zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_922\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-922\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-922 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0974-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Vytesan\u00e1 anakonda na jednom ze schod\u016f uvnit\u0159 chr\u00e1mu. Foto: T. St\u011bhule\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0974-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0974-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0974-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0974.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-922\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Vytesan\u00e1 anakonda na jednom ze schod\u016f uvnit\u0159 chr\u00e1mu. Foto: St\u011bhule, T.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Poutn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed pod vlivem San Pedro vid\u011bli toto divadlo, byli jist\u011b ohromeni impozantnost\u00ed d\u011bje. Dodnes v\u00e1s v&nbsp;hlubin\u00e1ch chr\u00e1mu lehce mraz\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159edstav\u011b osob, proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch skrz tento funk\u010dn\u00ed komplex.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">M\u00edstn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce n\u00e1s ochotn\u011b zavedl do m\u00edst, kde dodnes m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt poz\u016fstatky podzemn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, jen\u017e byl schopen navozovat zvuky d\u017eungle. Pokud to vid\u00edte na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di, pochop\u00edte jak komplikovan\u00fd a slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m je tady vybudovan\u00fd. V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee v&nbsp;budoucnu se o m\u00edst\u011b dozv\u00edme dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u011bci, nebo\u0165 archeology na m\u00edst\u011b \u010dek\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b hodn\u011b pr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">3 nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 mus\u00edte vid\u011bt:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Obelisk J. C. Tella<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Obelisk je kamenn\u00e1 socha o v\u00fd\u0161ce 2,52 metru v&nbsp;lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edkov\u00e9m tvaru a vy\u0159ezan\u00e1 na \u010dty\u0159ech stran\u00e1ch. Tato socha p\u0159edstavuje spojen\u00ed dvou kajman\u016f, dopln\u011bn\u00fdch o zastoupen\u00ed jin\u00fdch prvk\u016f, jako jsou pt\u00e1ci, lid\u00e9, ko\u010dky, rostliny a hadi. Jedn\u00e1 se o nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed plastiku kultury Chav\u00edn, kv\u016fli slo\u017eitosti sv\u00e9 ikonografick\u00e9 podoby.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-5' class='gallery galleryid-896 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/obelisco_tello_2.jpg' title=\"obelisco_tello_2\" data-rl_title=\"obelisco_tello_2\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/obelisco_tello_2-522x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-936\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-936'>\n\t\t\t\tObelisk J.C.Tello. zdroj: internet\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/OBELISCO_TELLO.jpg' title=\"OBELISCO_TELLO\" data-rl_title=\"OBELISCO_TELLO\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-5\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"658\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/OBELISCO_TELLO-658x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-935\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-935'>\n\t\t\t\tzdroj: internet\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Raimondiho st\u00e9la<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Raimondiho St\u00e9la je monolitick\u00e1 \u017eulov\u00e1 skaln\u00ed socha, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje boha Wiracochu. M\u011b\u0159\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ku 1,98 metru, na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku 74 cm a je tlust\u00e1 17 cm. Nalezl ji u vesni\u010dan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ji pou\u017e\u00edvali jako st\u016fl. St\u00e9la je vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e1 pouze na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b. Wiracocha je zde zastoupen jako antropomorfn\u00ed ko\u010dka, se dv\u011bma prodlou\u017een\u00fdmi rameny, dr\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi ty\u010d. Raimondi Stella je v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v&nbsp;N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu archeologie a antropologie v&nbsp;Lim\u011b. [10]<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-6' class='gallery galleryid-896 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0949.jpg' title=\"IMG_0949\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_0949\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_0949-720x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-6-916\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-6-916'>\n\t\t\t\tkopie Raimondiho st\u00e9ly v Chav\u00ednu.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Raimondiho_stela.png' title=\"Raimondiho_stela\" data-rl_title=\"Raimondiho_stela\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"461\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Raimondiho_stela-461x445.png\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-6-931\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-6-931'>\n\t\t\t\tzdroj: internet\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Kamenn\u00e9 hlavy<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f Chav\u00ednu je p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho souboru kamenn\u00fdch soch, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edch lidsk\u00e9 hlavy se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi rysy, naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch \u201ecabezas clavas\u201c. Tyto hlavy byly p\u016fvodn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bny v&nbsp;horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti fas\u00e1dy budov a byly chr\u00e1n\u011bny zdobenou \u0159\u00edmsou. Hlavy jako celek, reprezentovaly transforma\u010dn\u00ed proces \u010dlov\u011bka na ko\u010dkovitou \u0161elmu &#8211; jagu\u00e1ra, co\u017e bylo symbolicky mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st za pou\u017eit\u00ed halucinogenn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 hlava je toti\u017e malinko jin\u00e1. V&nbsp;muzeu kousek od pam\u00e1tky je vid\u011bt cel\u00e1 \u0159ada hlav posb\u00edran\u00fdch po are\u00e1lu Chav\u00ednu.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-7' class='gallery galleryid-896 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-colormag-featured-image'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1012.jpg' title=\"IMG_1012\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_1012\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1012-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-7-928\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-7-928'>\n\t\t\t\tkamenn\u00e1 hlava ve zdi chr\u00e1mu.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1006.jpg' title=\"IMG_1006\" data-rl_title=\"IMG_1006\" class=\"rl-gallery-link\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-7\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IMG_1006-800x445.jpg\" class=\"attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-7-926\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-7-926'>\n\t\t\t\tze\u010f chr\u00e1mu\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong> <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Str\u00e1vili jsme v&nbsp;komplexu Chav\u00ednu minim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u016fl dne a st\u00e1le jsme objevovali nov\u00e9 v\u011bci. Odn\u00e1\u0161\u00edm si odsud pozn\u00e1n\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 kultury, kde dualita hr\u00e1la velkou roli ve v\u0161ech aspektech. Sv\u011btlo a tma. Den a noc&#8230; Kultura, kter\u00e1 podle m\u011b nem\u00e1 ve sv\u011bt\u011b obdoby. Tyto archeologick\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky tvo\u0159\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st turistick\u00e9ho troj\u00faheln\u00edku Peru. Spole\u010dn\u011b s&nbsp;Machu Picchu a pevnost\u00ed Kuelap je Chav\u00edn m\u00edsto, kde se mus\u00edte zastavit, pokud nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edte Huaraz. Ud\u011blejte si proto \u010das a u\u017eijte si chr\u00e1m, kter\u00fd byl nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm centrem ve star\u00fdch andsk\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch. Budete chodit po m\u00edstech, kter\u00e9 \u010dekaj\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed objevy !<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[1] Callej\u00f3n de Huaylas. Wikipedia. Online:<a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Callej\u00f3n_de_Huaylas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Callej\u00f3n_de_Huaylas <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[2] Antonio V\u00e1zquez de Espinosa. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_V\u00e1zquez_de_Espinosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_V\u00e1zquez_de_Espinosa <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[3] Antonio Raimondi. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Raimondi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Raimondi <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[4] Ernst Middendorf. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Middendorf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernst_Middendorf <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[5] Julio C. Tello. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julio_C._Tello\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julio_C._Tello <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[6] T.St\u011bhule: Quinoa: Legend\u00e1rn\u00ed potrava star\u00fdch Ink\u016f. 11.01.2017. Online:<a href=\"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2017\/01\/11\/quinoa-legendarni-potrava-starych-inku\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/2017\/01\/11\/quinoa-legendarni-potrava-starych-inku\/ <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[7] Pututu. Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pututu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pututu <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[8] Google Maps: Rio Mosna, Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.cz\/maps\/place\/Rio+Mosna\/@-9.5930803,-77.1787674,17z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x91a8fe15e6049c0b:0x4c09fc60819881f0!8m2!3d-9.5933162!4d-77.1762403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.google.cz\/maps\/place\/Rio+Mosna\/@-9.5930803,-77.1787674,17z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x91a8fe15e6049c0b:0x4c09fc60819881f0!8m2!3d-9.5933162!4d-77.1762403 <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[9] Movimiento Revolucionario T\u00fapac Amaru (MRTA). Wikipedia. Online: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movimiento_Revolucionario_T\u00fapac_Amaru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movimiento_Revolucionario_T\u00fapac_Amaru <\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">[10] National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru (MNAAHP). Online:<a href=\"http:\/\/mnaahp.cultura.pe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/mnaahp.cultura.pe<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chav\u00edn de Hu\u00e1ntar &#8211; tunely, kamenn\u00fd totem zvan\u00fd Lanz\u00f3n a protiteroristick\u00e1 operace na japonsk\u00e9 ambas\u00e1d\u011b. Jak to spolu souvis\u00ed? Poj\u010fme se na to pod\u00edvat v&nbsp;t\u00e9to v\u00fdprav\u011b, kterou jsme p\u0159ed \u010dasem uskute\u010dnili.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":903,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[34,7,5,4,50,43],"class_list":["post-896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","tag-archeologie","tag-historie","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru","tag-ritualy","tag-zahady"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=896"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3406,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/896\/revisions\/3406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}