{"id":977,"date":"2020-12-12T23:57:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-12T22:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/?p=977"},"modified":"2023-03-17T16:58:04","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T15:58:04","slug":"za-tricetiletou-valkou-je-i-peruansky-vulkan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/2020\/12\/12\/za-tricetiletou-valkou-je-i-peruansky-vulkan\/","title":{"rendered":"Detr\u00e1s de la Guerra de los Treinta A\u00f1os tambi\u00e9n hay un volc\u00e1n peruano"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vulk\u00e1n Huaynaputina (foto naho\u0159e),[1] nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se u jezera Titicaca, je z\u0159ejm\u011b v pozad\u00ed pohnut\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 17. stolet\u00ed na severn\u00ed polokouli.\u00a0<\/span>Probudil se roku 1600. V\u00fdbuch byl velmi siln\u00fd, l\u00e1va se rozlila a\u017e na vzd\u00e1lenost 120 km. Do atmosf\u00e9ry se dostalo je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed prachu a popela (uva\u017euje se a\u017e o 30km2 sedimentu), ne\u017e p\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu sopky Krakatoa v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii v roce 1883.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Obr.:
Obr.: Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1 – chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed od 16. stolet\u00ed, podle 10 r\u016fzn\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Zdroj: [3]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nV\u011bdci Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity Kenneth L. Verosub<\/strong> [2] a jeho student Jake Lippman<\/strong> podrobn\u011b analyzovali historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti po v\u00fdbuchu t\u00e9to sopky. [3] Do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee se na severn\u00ed polokouli prudce ochladilo \u2013 prach a popel zakryl nebe natolik, \u017ee to zp\u016fsobilo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 podnebn\u00ed zm\u011bny. A ty jak z historie u\u017e zn\u00e1me, vyvolaly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nepokoje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[huge_it_maps id=”7″]<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017e roku 1601 bylo l\u00e9to v Rusku tak de\u0161tiv\u00e9, \u017ee skoro v\u0161echna \u00faroda uhynula. Chlad trval 3 roky. Cena obil\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161ila desetkr\u00e1t. Nastal hlad a selsk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Lid podpo\u0159il roku 1604 samozvance L\u017eidimitrije, kter\u00fd, kdy\u017e ve\u0161el do hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta za pomoci Pol\u00e1k\u016f, p\u0159ik\u00e1zal zab\u00edt prav\u00e9ho carova n\u00e1stupce Fedora Gudunova (syna Borise Godunova, kter\u00fd vl\u00e1dl v letech 1598 \u2013 1605). A jeho sestru Xenii ud\u011blal svou soulo\u017enic\u00ed.<\/span>
\nVe Francii a v N\u011bmecku se v roce 1601 neurodilo v\u00edno, v N\u011bmecku byla sklize\u0148 v\u00edna roku 1602 na 5 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch hodnot za 75 let!
\n<\/span>Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku pat\u0159ily pr\u00e1v\u011b roky 1600 a 1601 mezi nejchladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v obdob\u00ed mezi l\u00e9ty 1525 a 1860.
\n<\/span>Ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku bylo v zim\u011b 1601 rekordn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sn\u011bhu a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed jarn\u00ed z\u00e1plavy byly nejhor\u0161\u00ed v dosavadn\u00ed historii. Letn\u00ed sklize\u0148 byla velmi \u0161patn\u00e1, co\u017e vedlo k hladu a nemocem. Intenzivn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky a region\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1plavy prob\u011bhly ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. <\/span>
\nV Japonsku do\u0161lo k zamrznut\u00ed jezera Omiwatari v centr\u00e1ln\u00edm Japonsku, co\u017e se nestalo uplynul\u00fdch 500 let. Chlad a siln\u00fd v\u00edtr zaznamenali v t\u011bchto l\u00e9tech i mo\u0159eplavci. <\/span>
\nNa po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 pokles teplot i St\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa a \u010cechy. [4] <\/span>\u0160patn\u00e9 sklizn\u011b vyvolaly nemoce a hladomory, ekonomick\u00e9 nap\u011bti. A\u017e nakonec roku 1618 za\u010dala v Evrop\u011b t\u0159icetilet\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. (1618-1648).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Vulk\u00e1n<\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Huaynaputina. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huaynaputina <\/a><\/span>
\n[2] Kenneth L. Verosub. University of California. Online: http:\/\/geology.ucdavis.edu\/people\/faculty\/verosub.php<\/a><\/span>
\n[3] Kenneth L. Verosub – Jake Lippman: Global Impacts of the 1600 Eruption of Peru’s Huaynaputina Volcano. EOS, Vol. 89, No. 15, 8.4.2008. Online: http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2008EO150001\/epdf <\/a><\/span>
\n[4] Mal\u00e1 doba ledov\u00e1. Wikipedia. Online: https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mal%C3%A1_doba_ledov%C3%A1<\/a><\/span>
\n[5] P\u0159ed 330 lety byla cel\u00e1 Evropa ledovou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Bohumil \u0158e\u0159icha. 24.07.2017. Online: https:\/\/www.freemag.one\/2017\/07\/24\/pred-330-lety-byla-cela-evropa-ledovou-risi\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El volc\u00e1n Huaynaputina, situado en el lago Titicaca, parece estar detr\u00e1s de los turbulentos acontecimientos del siglo XVII en el hemisferio norte. Se despert\u00f3 en la d\u00e9cada de 1600. La erupci\u00f3n fue muy potente, derramando lava hasta 120 km de distancia. Liber\u00f3 incluso m\u00e1s polvo y cenizas a la atm\u00f3sfera (se cree que hasta 30 km2 de sedimentos) que la erupci\u00f3n de 1883 del volc\u00e1n Krakatoa, en el sudeste asi\u00e1tico. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_crdt_document":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"__cvm_playback_settings":[],"__cvm_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[7,5,4,48],"class_list":["post-977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-historie","tag-jizni-amerika","tag-peru","tag-pocasi"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["cz","es"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":true,"content":false,"excerpt":true}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4661,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions\/4661"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tom-stehule.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}